1. Harry is feeling uncomfortable.He _____ too much at he party last night.
A could drink B should drink
C would have drunk D must have drunk
【答案】D
解析:must have done表示對(duì)過(guò)去肯定推測(cè),句意“他昨晚在派對(duì)上一定喝多了”。
2. If he had spent more time practising speaking English before, he _____ able to speak it much better now.
A. will be B. would be
C.has been D.would have been
【答案】B
解析:If從句中的had spend暗示從句是跟過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的,而主句中的now暗示主句跟現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反,故用would do句意:如果他從前花店時(shí)間練習(xí)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ),他現(xiàn)在就能說(shuō)得好多了。
3. I can't find my purse. I ____ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure.
A. should leave B. must have left
C. might leave D. could have left
【答案】D
解析:句意:我不能找到我的錢(qián)包了,昨天我有可能把它落到超市了,但我不確定。根據(jù)句中時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句yesterday 可知,是對(duì)過(guò)去事情的推測(cè),故用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done, 再根據(jù)后句but I'm not sure. 可知,此推測(cè)為不能肯定的推測(cè),故用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could, 表示"可能"。故選D。
本題抓住兩點(diǎn):第一、時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句中時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)可以判斷出是對(duì)過(guò)去事情的推測(cè),故用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + have done;如果是對(duì)現(xiàn)在事情的推測(cè),才用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+v原形。
第二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的選擇。must為肯定推測(cè),表示“一定”,could為不肯定推測(cè),表示“可能”,這樣就能選出正確答案。
4. It's strange that he _____ have taken the books without the owner's permission.
A. would B. should
C. could D. might
【答案】B
解析:句意:真奇怪,他竟然沒(méi)有主人的允許就拿走了這些書(shū),在句型"It is important / necessary / strange / impossible / natural that...",其中由that 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句通常用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”這樣的虛擬語(yǔ)氣,其中的should 可以省略。故選B。
It is important / necessary / strange / impossible / natural that... 主語(yǔ)從句多數(shù)情況下用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,表達(dá)一種要求、命令或者責(zé)備、建議或主觀(guān)看法。但是如果只是表示陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)而不是強(qiáng)烈的感情,完全可以用一般的陳述語(yǔ)氣。
試比較: It is strange that he had made a mistake.(陳述一個(gè)事實(shí):他犯了錯(cuò)誤讓人有點(diǎn)奇怪。) It is strange that he (should) have made a mistake. (虛擬語(yǔ)氣,說(shuō)話(huà)者是在責(zé)備他本不應(yīng)該犯錯(cuò)。)
5. There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _____ a second chance to become more involved.
A. had B. will have
C. would have had D. have had
【答案】A
解析:句意:在這個(gè)村里有很好的社交生活,并且我希望我再有機(jī)會(huì)去更多的參與。本題考查wish引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句,表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望,所以從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故選A。
由wish引起的表示愿望的虛擬語(yǔ)氣:
1.用wish表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的愿望時(shí),它所引起的賓語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式為:過(guò)去式(be動(dòng)詞用were)。
2.用wish表示對(duì)將來(lái)的愿望時(shí),它所引起的賓語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式為:would, could, might+ 動(dòng)詞原形。
3.wish用于對(duì)過(guò)去的事實(shí)表示一種不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式為:had+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞或could, would + have +動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞。分析此題需抓住前句There is a good social life in the village的時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),可以判斷出此題wish用于對(duì)現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)表示一種不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。
6. In today's information age, the loss of data _____ cause serious problems for a company.
A. need B. should
C. can D. must
【答案】C
解析:句意:在今天的信息時(shí)代,數(shù)據(jù)的丟失有時(shí)會(huì)對(duì)一個(gè)公司造成嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題。數(shù)據(jù)丟失造成嚴(yán)重問(wèn)題是客觀(guān)上會(huì)發(fā)生的情況,即“客觀(guān)可能性”,故該空應(yīng)用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can。C選項(xiàng)正確。其余情態(tài)動(dòng)詞均沒(méi)有該用法。need需要;should應(yīng)該,竟然;must必須,肯定。
can的基本用法:1. (表示能力、功能)能,會(huì);2. (表示推測(cè))可能,可能會(huì);3.(表示允許,請(qǐng)求)可以;4.(表示客觀(guān)可能性)有時(shí)會(huì)。
7. They might have found a better hotel if they _____ a few more kilometers.
A. drove B. would drive
C. were to drive D. had driven
【答案】D
解析:句意:如果他們多開(kāi)幾公里的話(huà),他們也許會(huì)找到一個(gè)更好的旅館。由“they might have found a better hotel”可知,該句是表示對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬。if ____ a few more kilometers是條件句部分,表示對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬,條件句部分要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài),故D選項(xiàng)正確。
1. 表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬:if條件句用一般過(guò)去時(shí),主句用 would / might / could / should+do;
2. 表示對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬:if條件句用過(guò)去完成時(shí),主句用would / might / could / should+have done;
3. 表示對(duì)將來(lái)的虛擬:if條件句用were to do / should do / 一般過(guò)去時(shí),主句用would / might / could / should+do。
8. If we ___________the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach
A. had caught B. caught
C. have caught D. would catch
【答案】A
解析:句意:如果我們昨天趕上飛機(jī)的話(huà),現(xiàn)在我們正在海灘享受我們的假日了。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)yesterday可知,從句表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反,故用had + v-ed。故選A。
9. It ____ be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words.
A.may B.couldn't
C.should D.needn't
【答案】B
解析:由語(yǔ)境“因?yàn)槟阒篮芏嘣~匯”可知,“你練習(xí)中的問(wèn)題不可能是詞匯量不夠造成的”,故用couldn’t表示否定推測(cè),意思是“不可能”。
10. I ____ to my cousin's birthday party last night, but I was not available.
A.went B.had gone
C.would go D.would have gone
【答案】D
解析:前一分句使用了含蓄條件虛擬語(yǔ)氣,表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè),主句應(yīng)該用would have done結(jié)構(gòu)。完整表達(dá)是:I would have gone to my cousin's birthday party last night if I had been available。
此題可以根據(jù)but I was not available.這個(gè)事實(shí),判斷前面的句子是與事實(shí)不符的,用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
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