7月底，中國環(huán)境保護(hù)部(China's Environment Protection Ministry)發(fā)布了今年上半年空氣質(zhì)量狀況報告。報告稱，除了拉薩(Lhasa)、海口、舟山和惠州四個城市，我國其他主要大城市的空氣質(zhì)量均未達(dá)標(biāo)。造成這一結(jié)果的原因有很多，其中包括不斷增長的機(jī)動車數(shù)量和工業(yè)品產(chǎn)量。空氣污染狀況的不斷惡化嚴(yán)重威脅公眾的健康。一位官員表示，一份旨在控制空氣污染的方案將在年內(nèi)公布。

　　1.第1句中的定語“今年上半年空氣質(zhì)量狀況”較長，故將其處理成后置定語，用介詞短語on air quality in the first half of this year來表達(dá)，漢語中表示范疇的“狀況”一詞按英文表達(dá)習(xí)慣可以省譯。

　　2.第2句中的“我國其他主要大城市的空氣質(zhì)量均未達(dá)標(biāo)”如果逐字對譯則語句生硬，表達(dá)效果平平。翻譯時， 宜采用“否定前移”的方法，對主語“我國其他大城市”進(jìn)行否定，謂語則變?yōu)榭隙�，譯為no other major city...is up to...。

　　3.第3句“造成這一結(jié)果的原因有很多，其中包括……”可直譯為many reasons lead to the consequence, including...，但為了突出原文中的兩個原因，可將原因置于句首，譯作growing motor vehicles...area among...factors contributing to the consequence。

　　4.最后—句中的定語“旨在控制空氣污染的”表目的，故用不定式短語to contro1 air Pollution來表達(dá)。

　　參考答案：

　　At the end of July, China's Environment Protection Ministry released/posted/announced a report

　　on air quality in the first half of this year. the latter/second half of the year According to the report, except four cities, namely Lhasa, Haikou, Zhoushan and Huizhou, no other major city in the country is up to the standard of air quality. Growing motor vehicles and industrial output/products are among a variety of factors contributing to this consequence. Worsening air pollution composes a serious threat to the health of the public. An official said a scheme/plan to control air pollution would be published within the year.

　　由于中國北方重度霧霾(heavy smog)持續(xù)不散，公眾越發(fā)關(guān)注空氣污染問題。一些網(wǎng)民(netizen)甚至對污染的程度表達(dá)了憤怒情緒。治理空氣污染迫在眉睫。中國多個城市實(shí)行汽車限購，希望此舉一方面能緩解交通擁堵，一方面能控制空氣污染。中國政府準(zhǔn)備推出一個長期計劃來控制導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重污染的行業(yè)。政府也將額外支出60億元人民幣來改善北方地區(qū)的空氣質(zhì)量。

　　1.在第1句中，“公眾”表達(dá)為the public，做主語時，謂語動詞用單、復(fù)數(shù)都可以;作為一個整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù);強(qiáng)調(diào)每一個具體成員，謂講動詞用復(fù)數(shù)�！坝捎谥袊�北方……”表原因，故處理成愿意狀語從句，譯作Since due to the lasting/lingering heavy smog stays continually in northern China, 地點(diǎn)狀語“中國北方”置于句末。

　　2.第8句中的“……迫在眉睫”套用句it is extremely urgent to do...來表達(dá)。主語“治理空氣污染”用不定式來表達(dá)目的，譯作to control air pollution。

　　3.第4句中的“希望此舉一方面能……，一方面能……”處理為主句“中國多個城市已經(jīng)限制購車”(Many Chinese cities have imposed limits on car

　　purchases)的伴隨動作，用現(xiàn)在分詞短語 hoping to ease... and meanwhile control...來表達(dá)，使譯文流暢、銜接緊密。

　　4.倒數(shù)第2句中的“來控制導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重污染的行業(yè)”為目的狀語，用動詞不定式短語來表達(dá)to control industries...，其中定語“導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重污染的”較長，故將其處理成定語從句，譯作which cause heavy pollution，置于被修飾語industries之后。

　　Since heavy smog stays continually in northern China, the public is increasingly concerned about air pollution, Some netizens even express their anger over the pollution levels. It's extremely urgent to control air pollution. Many Chinese cities have imposed limits on car purchases, hoping to ease/relieve the traffic jam, and meanwhile control air pollution. The Chinese government is launching a long-term plan to control industries which cause heavy pollution. It is also spending an additional six billion yuan on the improvement of air quality in the northern region.