2018年大學英語四級翻譯試題庫：改土歸流

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　　改土歸流

　　改土歸流又稱土司改流、改土設流、廢土改流，始于明代中后期，是指將原來統(tǒng)治少數(shù)民族的土司頭目廢除，改為朝廷中央政府派任流官。改土歸流有利于消除土司制度的落后性，同時加強中央對西南一些少數(shù)民族聚居地區(qū)的統(tǒng)治。

　　參考譯文

　　Bureaucratization of Native Officers

　　The term "Bureaucratization of Native Officers", also known as bureaucratization of chieftains, or replacement of chieftains with centrally-appointed non-hereditary officials, or conversion of chieftains into centrally-appointed non-hereditary officials beginning in the middle and late period of the Ming Dynasty, refers to the abolition of the original system of the chieftain ruling the ethnic minorities to establish the system of non-hereditary officials appointed by the central government of the imperial court. This procedure overcame the backwardness of the system of chieftains and consolidated the central government’s ruling of some areas for ethnic minorities in the southwest.

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