2017年6月英語四級考前翻譯技巧精講（1）

　　2017年6月英語四級翻譯技巧：整篇文章體現(xiàn)用詞多變，句式多變。

　　一、用詞多變

　　1、常見一些簡單詞避用(必背)

　　There is sth用 sth isavailable 替代

　　Must 用have to do sth, haveno option but to do sth, have no choice but to

　　do, have no alternative but todo sth

　　Want hope 表示想的詞用 intend to ,desire to do, have the intention of

　　doing sth 替代

　　Can 表示能的詞用 be likely todo sth, may do sth, be able to do sth,

　　Should 表示應(yīng)該的詞用be supposed todo, be expected to do, be wise to do替代

　　Very表示非常的詞用quite, pretty,entirely, completely替代

　　Good等表示“好”的詞用 wonderful, proper,wise, appropriate 替代。

　　Bad ”壞”等詞用 poor,terrible, awful 替代

　　2、文中抽象高雅的詞用常見詞替代。如：“冰清玉潔、沉魚落雁、閉月羞花、傾國傾城、花容月貌、如花似玉、國色天香……”一律用“very beautiful, attractive,appealing”替代�！靶涫峙杂^”用“indifferent”代替。實在想不出簡單詞替換的修飾語(形容詞、副詞)可以省略蒙混過關(guān)，只把主謂賓翻譯出來即可。

　　二、句型多變。漢譯英是一篇文章的翻譯。最多5個句型即可，盡量避免重復(fù)句型的使用。

　　任何文章幾乎都可用的句型：

　　1 簡單句。推薦there be句型，但可替換成there stand/rest/lie/exist.如 there is a building beside a river替換成 there exist abuilding beside a river.

　　2 定語從句。只要兩個簡單句有一個共同的詞就可結(jié)合成定語從句：

　　(1)The excitement left him

　　(2)He experienced excitement in studying economics theories

　　(3) Economic theory could cure societalproblems

　　先把(3)里的economic theory 用that 代替，變成(4)that could cure societal problems;再把(4)跟在(2)economictheories之后，變成(5) He experiencedexcitement in studying economics theories that could cure societal problems; 由于(5)里的excitement又同(1)里的excitement相同，再用that 或which 代替并提到句首，變成(6)that he experienced in studying economics theories that could cure societal problems，在把(6)放到(1)excitement后變成(7)The excitement that he experiencedin studying economics theories that could cure societalproblems left him。最好把其中一個that 替換成which避免重復(fù)。

　　最后這個定于從句是

　　(8)The excitement that he experienced in studying economics theories which could cure societal problems left him。也可which前加一逗號變成

　　(9)The excitement that he experienced in studying economics theories，which could cure societalproblems left him。還可把excitement后的從句加逗號變成

　　(10)The excitement，which he experienced in studying economics theories that could cure societal problems， left him。但that 必須換成which, 為避免重復(fù)。第二個從句中的which 換成that.

　　3 狀語從句。兩個簡單句根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系用if when although because 等詞直接相連即是狀語從句：

　　原始句

　　(1)The excitement left him

　　(2)He experienced excitement in studying economics theories

　　根據(jù)邏輯可以連成(3)Although He experienced excitement in studying economics theories, the excitementleft him。為了避免重復(fù)，最好把其中一個excitement 用代詞代替。結(jié)果成為

　　(4)Although He experienced excitement in studying economics theories,it left him

　　4 變化句。定于從句變化如：Muhammad had great success that help people liftthemselves out of poverty 主動變ing, 去掉that變成Muhammad had greatsuccess helping people lift themselves out of poverty

　　狀語從句變化，如：Because thechildren admire his father’s behavior, they had the same action.

　　從句主動變ing 主語與主句一致可省掉，關(guān)系詞because可省掉。變成 Admiring hisfather’s behavior, they had the same action.

　　5 特殊句型。推薦 not only butalso.

　　練習(xí)例子

　　絲綢之路是公園2世紀(jì)開始出現(xiàn)的一條聯(lián)系中國和歐亞大陸的交通要道，由于這條道路開始時以絲綢貿(mào)易為主，所以人們便稱它為絲綢之路。這條陸上道路從中國的長安開始，經(jīng)甘肅、新疆，進(jìn)而到中亞、西亞，并一直連接到地中海沿岸各國。絲綢之路不僅是一條古代通商的道路，它更是連接古代文明、印度文明、埃及文明、希臘文明和美索不達(dá)米亞文明的紐帶，是東西方文化和科學(xué)技術(shù)交流的橋梁。

　　The Silk Road refers to a transportroute connecting ancient China withCentral Asia, West Asia, Africa, and the European continent(定于從句變來的). It aroused asearly as the second century and was traveled mainly by silk merchants, hence the name(hence there was the name變來的). The Roadbegan Chang’an passed Gansu and Xinjiangto Central Asia, West Asia, and to lands of the Mediterranean.(簡單句) The Silk Road functioned not only as a trade route, but also as a bridge(特殊句型) that linked the ancientcivilizations of China, India, Egypt, Greece and the Mesopotamian plains(定于從句).It also helped to promote the exchange of cultures, science and technology betweene ast and west(簡單句).