2016年6月英語四級仔細閱讀真題及答案WORD版

　　Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

　　Passage one

　　Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

　　As Artificial Intelligence(AI) becomes increasingly sophisticated, there are growing concerns that robots could become a threat. This danger can be avoided, according to computer science professor Stuart Russell, if we figure out how to turn human values into a programmable code.

　　Russell argues that as robots take on more complicated tasks, it’s necessary to translate our morals into AI language.

　　For example, if a robot does chores around the house, you wouldn’t want it to put the pet cat in the oven to make dinner for the hungry children. “You would want that robot preloaded with a good set of values,” said Russell.

　　Some robots are already programmed with basic human values. For example, mobile robots have been programmed to keep a comfortable distance from humans. Obviously there are cultural differences, but if you were talking to another person and they came up close in your personal space, you wouldn’t think that’s the kind of thing a properly brought-up person would do.

　　It will be possible to create more sophisticated moral machines, if only we can find a way to set out human values as clear rules.

　　Robots could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of data on human behavior. They are dangerous only if programmers are careless.

　　The biggest concern with robots going against human values is that human beings fail to so sufficient testing and they’ve produced a system that will break some kind of taboo(禁忌).

　　One simple check would be to program a robot to check the correct course of action with a human when presented with an unusual situation.

　　If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwave, it has the opportunity to stop, send out beeps(嘟嘟聲), and ask for directions from a human. If we humans aren’t quite sure about a decision, we go and ask somebody else.

　　The most difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe in moral, and how to create a set of ethical rules. But if we come up with an answer, robots could be good for humanity.

　　46.What does the author say about the threat of robots?

　　A)It may constitute a challenge to computer progranmers.

　　B)It accompanies all machinery involving high technology.

　　C)It can be avoided if human values are translated into their language.

　　D)It has become an inevitable peril as technology gets more sophisticated.

　　47.What would we think of a person who invades our personal space according to the author?

　　A)They are aggressive.

　　B)They are outgoing.

　　C)They are ignorant.

　　D)They are ill-bred.

　　48.How do robots learn human values?

　　A)By interacting with humans in everyday life situations.

　　B)By following the daily routines of civilized human beings.

　　C)By picking up patterns from massive data on human behavior.

　　D)By imitating the behavior of property brought-up human beings.

　　49.What will a well-programmed robot do when facing an unusual situation?

　　A)keep a distance from possible dangers.

　　B)Stop to seek advice from a human being.

　　C)Trigger its built-in alarm system at once.

　　D)Do sufficient testing before taking action.

　　50.What is most difficult to do when we turn human values into a programmable code?

　　A)Determine what is moral and ethical.

　　B)Design some large-scale experiments.

　　C)Set rules for man-machine interaction.

　　D)Develop a more sophisticated program.

　　參考答案：

　　46. 正確選項C. It can be avoided if human values are translated into their language.

　　47. 正確選項 D. They are ill-bred.

　　48. 正確選項 C. By picking up patterns from massive data on human behavior.

　　49. 正確選項 D. Do sufficient testing before taking action.

　　Passage two

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　　2016年6月英語四級考試真題及答案匯總

　　2016年6月英語四級成績查詢時間   2016年英語四級合格分?jǐn)?shù)線

　　2016年英語四級考試評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)     英語四級成績查詢常見問題匯總

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　　參考答案：

　　46. B. It weakens in one’s later years.

　　47. D. Some of them begin to decline when people are still young.

　　48. C. They function quite well even in old age.

　　49. D. can put what they have learnt into more effective use.

　　50. A. find ways to slow down our mental decline.

　　答案解析：

　　46. B. It weakens in one’s later years.

　　解析：從原文第一段declining mental function is often seen as a problem of old age, “心智功能衰退經(jīng)常被看做是老年人的問題”，可以看出B是正確答案。

　　47. D. Some of them begin to decline when people are still young.

　　解析：從原文第一段but certain aspects of brain function actually begin their decline in young adulthood , a new study suggests. “但是一項新的研究表明，大腦的某些功能在人們年輕的時候就開始衰退”，可以看出D是正確選項。

　　48. C. They function quite well even in old age.

　　解析：從原文第五段中原句Most people’s minds function at a high level even in their later years, according to researcher Timothy Salthouse. “根據(jù)研究人員Timothy Salthouse的說法，大多數(shù)人的心智功能在他們晚年依然保持高水平工作”，可以看出C是正確選項。

　　50. D. can put what they have learnt into more effective use.

　　解析：從原文第六段中原句but that the amount of knowledge one has, and the effectiveness of integrating it with one’s abilities, may increase throughout all of adulthood if there are no diseases. “但是只要一個人沒有疾病，那么這個人擁有的知識量，以及把知識和能力結(jié)合在一起的效率，可能會在整個成年時期增加”可以看出D是正確選項。

　　50. A. find ways to slow down our mental decline.

　　解析：從原文倒數(shù)第二段中原句We gain insight in cognition changes, and may possibly discover ways to slow the rate of decline.“我們更加了解認知變化，而且可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)減緩衰退的方法”，可以看出A是正確選項。

　　50. 正確選項 A. Determine what is moral and ethical.

　　Passage three

　　這篇閱讀理解的主題是關(guān)于長壽的研究，全文共計6個自然段。

　　51. 答案：A to see whether people’s personality affects their life span 研究人們的性格是否會影響長壽

　　解析：題目問在這本期刊(the Journal of American Geriatrics Society)中刊登的本次研究的目的是什么?根據(jù)題干中的已知信息回文定位在第一段，通讀本段，發(fā)現(xiàn)答案應(yīng)來自本段第四句與第五句。第四句說某種性格會有助于長壽嗎?第五句說，在the Journal of American Geriatrics Society 這本期刊中刊登了一項新的研究就這個問題進行了探索(原文的this question 指的就是第四句這個問句)，研究了246個人的性格特點，而在246個人的父母都是百歲老人�？梢姳敬窝芯康哪康木褪峭ㄟ^研究百歲老人其子女的性格特點，來解答性格與長壽之間是否存在某種關(guān)聯(lián)。

　　52. 答案：D They are more likely to get over hardship. 他們克服困難的可能性更多。

　　解析：題目問對于外向的人和有同情心的人，作者暗示了什么?根據(jù)題干中的已知信息回文定位在第二段，通讀本段，本段共計3句話。第一句的大意是說該研究表明長壽的人和其他人相比，大多是性格更加外向、更積極主動而且沒那么神經(jīng)質(zhì)。第二句大意是說長壽的女性和擁有正常壽命的女性比較起來更富有同情心，也更具有合作精神。第三句說上述這兩項研究結(jié)果也與進化理論的觀點一直，那就是喜歡交朋友的人和樂于助人的人能夠獲得足夠的資源來讓自己渡過難關(guān)。喜歡交朋友就是前文說的外向，樂于助人是因為有同情心，所以答案應(yīng)該選D。C選項 They generally appear more resourceful他們總是變現(xiàn)得更加足智多謀。resourceful 形容人的時候表明人是機智的，足智多謀的，和資源沒有關(guān)系�？梢姡�詞匯仍然是基礎(chǔ)。

　　53. 答案：C Such personality characteristics as self-discipline have no effect on longevity. 諸如自律這樣的性格特點對長壽沒有影響。

　　解析：題目問這次研究中讓人意外的研究結(jié)果是什么?根據(jù)題干回文定位到第三段。通讀全段。該段大意為：但是有趣的是，人們觀念里認為有助于長壽的那些性格特點反而對實驗對象是不是可能長壽沒有任何影響。例如，那些更能進行自我約束的人也沒有比其他人更長壽的可能。同樣的，善于接受新鮮事物也與長壽沒關(guān)系，這也可能解釋了有一些壞脾氣的了，老年人就是江山易改本性難移�？梢�，這次研究表明自我約束(自律)等人們以前認為對長壽本應(yīng)該有幫助的性格特點其實與長壽沒什么關(guān)系，所以答案選C。

　　54. 答案 D Mothers’ negative personality characteristics may affect their children’s life spans.母親負面的性格特點可能影響子女的壽命

　　解析：題目問最近一次對于挪威母親的研究表明了什么?根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字回文定位到第五段。第五段說然而在另一項研究中表明母親的性格也可能影響其子女是否長壽。該研究的被試為28，000名挪威母親，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)那些更易焦慮、抑郁和發(fā)怒的母親更有可能讓其子女的飲食不健康，而童年時期的飲食習(xí)慣很難在成年時打破所以這就意味著抑郁的母親所生的孩子可能無法長壽�？梢娔赣H的性格特點如果是負面的，就會影響到子女的壽命，所以選D。

　　55. 答案 B Longevity results form a combination of mental and physical health. 長壽是心身健康的共同產(chǎn)物。

　　解析：題目問從文中的兩項研究中我們能得知什么?根據(jù)題目定位在最后一段。最后一段說性格決定命運，而且每個人都知道可以學(xué)著去改變。但是這兩個研究都表明了長壽不只需要身體健康，也需要心理健康。也就是說想長壽，既要有一個好身體，也要有一個健康積極的心態(tài)，所以答案選B。