Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

　　The fifth largest city in the US passed a significant soda tax proposal that will levy (征稅)1.5 cents per liquid ounce on distributors.

　　Philadelphia’s new measure was approved by a 13 to 4 city council vote. It sets a new bar for similar initiatives across the county. It is proof that taxes on sugary drinks can win substantial support outside super-liberal areas. Until now, the only city to successfully pass and implement a soda tax was Berkeley, California, in 2014.

　　The tax will apply to regular and diet sodas, as well as other drinks with added sugar, such as Gatorade and iced teas. It’s expected to raise $410 million over the next five years, most of which will go toward funding a universal pre-kindergarten program for the city.

　　While the city council vote was met with applause inside the council room, opponents to the measure, including soda lobbyists made sharp criticisms and a promise to challenge the tax in court.

　　“The tax passed today unfairly singles out beverages—including low- and no-calorie choices,” said Lauren Kane, spokeswoman for the American Beverage Association. “But most importantly, it is against the law. So we will side with the majority of the people of Philadelphia who oppose this tax and take legal action to stop it.”

　　An industry backed anti-tax campaign has spent at least $4 million on advertisements. The ads criticized the measure. characterizing it as a“grocery tax.”

　　Public health groups applauded the approved tax as a step toward fixing certain lasting health issues that plague Americans. “The move to recapture a small part of the profits from an industry that pushes a product that contributes to diabetes, obesity and heart disease in poorer communities in order to reinvest in those communities will sure be inspirational to many other places,” said Jim Krieger, executive director of Healthy Food America. “Indeed, we are already hearing from some of them. It’s not just Berkeley’ anymore.”

　　Similar measures in California’s Albany, Oakland, San Francisco and Colorado’s Boulder are becoming hot-button issues Health advocacy groups have hinted that even more might be coming.

　　46. What does the passage say about the newly-approved soda tax in Philadelphia?

　　A) It will change the lifestyle of many consumers.

　　B) It may encourage other US cities to follow suit.

　　C) It will cut soda consumption among low-income communities.

　　D)It may influence the marketing strategies of the soda business.

　　47. What will the opponents probably do to respond to the soda tax proposal?

　　A) Bargain with the city council.

　　B) Refuse to pay additional tax.

　　C) Take legal action against it.

　　D) Try to win public support.

　　48. What did the industry-backed anti-tax campaign do about the soda tax proposal?

　　A) It tried to arouse hostile feelings among consumers.

　　B) It tried to win grocers’ support against the measure.

　　C) It kept sending letters of protest to the media.

　　D) It criticized the measure through advertising.

　　49. What did public health groups think the soda tax would do?

　　A) Alert people to the risk of sugar-induced diseases.

　　B) Help people to fix certain long-time health issues.

　　C) Add to the fund for their research on diseases.

　　D) Benefit low-income people across the country.

　　50. What do we learn about similar measures concerning the soda tax in some other cities?

　　A) They are becoming rather sensitive issues.

　　B) They are spreading panic in the soda industry.

　　C) They are reducing the incidence of sugar-induced diseases.

　　D)They are taking away lot of profit from the soda industry.

　　解析：

　　46. 根據(jù)題干中的定位詞及專有名詞newly approved soda tax; Philadelphia回文快速定位到文章中的第2段，根據(jù)第2段的信息可得出費城新的法案的 通 過為全國類似法案設(shè)立了新的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，并證明對含糖飲料進(jìn)行征稅能夠贏得大量的支持。比對四個選項，A選項改變許多消費者的生活方式在第二段中未提及，無中生有，C選項在低收入社區(qū)減少汽水的消耗文中第二段也未提及，D選項可能影響汽水行業(yè)的營銷策略，文中也沒有提及，B選項鼓勵美國其他城市跟著做，與第二段文意相符，故選擇B選項。

　　47. 本題問的是“反對者可能會如何回應(yīng)對汽水征稅的提案?”，根據(jù)題干中的定位詞opponents; soda tax proposal定位至第四段：盡管市政府投票在議事廳獲得了贊揚支持，但是反對者對此作出尖銳的批評，并承諾在法院質(zhì)疑這項征稅。結(jié)合定位信息及四個選項的意思，可以確定選項C Take legal action against it.為本題的正確答案。選項A、B、D在文中均未提及，屬于無中生有選項。

　　48. 根據(jù)題干中的定位詞industry-backed anti-tax campaign回文定位該題至文中第6段：反對征稅的活動花費至少400萬美元在廣告宣傳上，通過廣告對此法案進(jìn)行批判，根據(jù)這兩句話結(jié)合四個選項的意思，可以確定選項D It criticized the measure through advertising.為原文的同義替換。

　　49. 根據(jù)題干定位詞public health groups回文定位該題至文中第7段：Public health groups applauded the approved tax as a step toward fixing certain lasting health issues that plague Americans.文中applaud一詞為贊同，稱贊的含義，比對該題四個選項，可以確定B Help people to fix certain long-term health issues.為文中信息的同義替換。

　　50. 根據(jù)題干信息“similar measures”，定位至文中第8段“Similar measures in California’s Albany, Oakland, San Francisco and Colorado’s Boulder are becoming hot-button issues.”根據(jù)原文的定位信息可得知在其他城市的類似法案的 通過成為敏感(hot-button)話題。結(jié)合四個選項可以確定A They are becoming rather sensitive issues.為原文的同義替換。