Several recent studies have found that being randomly (隨機(jī)地) assigned to a roommate of another race can lead to increased tolerance but also to a greater likelihood (可能性) of conflict.

　　Recent reports found that lodging with a student of a different race may decrease prejudice and compel students to engage in more ethnically diverse friendships.

　　An Ohio State University study also found that black students living with a white roommate saw higher academic success throughout their college careers. Researchers believe this may be caused by social pressure.

　　In a New York Times article, Sam Boakye – the only black student on his freshman year floor -said that "if you're surrounded by whites, you have something to prove."

　　Researchers also observed problems resulting from pairing interracial students in residences.

　　According to two recent studies, randomly assigned roommates of different races are more likely to experience conflicts so strained that one roommate will move out.

　　An Indiana University study found that interracial roommates were three times as likely as two white roommates to no longer live together by the end of the semester.

　　Grace Kao, a professor at Penn said she was not surprised by the findings. "This may be the first time that some of these students have interacted, and lived, with someone of a different race," she said.

　　At Penn, students are not asked to indicate race when applying for housing.

　　"One of the great things about freshman housing is that, with some exceptions, the process throws you together randomly," said Undergraduate Assembly chairman Alec Webley. "This is the definition of integration."

　　"I've experienced roommate conflicts between interracial students that have both broken down stereotypes and reinforced stereotypes," said one Penn resident advisor (RA). The RA of two years added that while some conflicts "provided more multicultural acceptance and melding (融合)," there were also "jarring cultural confrontations."

　　The RA said that these conflicts have also occurred among roommates of the same race.

　　Kao said she cautions against forming any generalizations based on any one of the studies, noting that more background characteristics of the students need to be studied and explained.

　　注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。

　　57. What can we learn from some recent studies?

　　A) Conflicts between students of different races are unavoidable.

　　B) Students of different races are prejudiced against each other.

　　C) Interracial lodging does more harm than good.

　　D) Interracial lodging may have diverse outcomes.

　　58. What does Sam Boakye's remark mean?

　　A) White students tend to look down upon their black peers.

　　B) Black students can compete with their white peers academically.

　　C) Black students feel somewhat embarrassed among white peers during the freshman year.

　　D) Being surrounded by white peers motivates a black student to work harder to succeed.

　　59. What does the Indiana University study show?

　　A) Interracial roommates are more likely to fall out.

　　B) Few white students like sharing a room with a black peer.

　　C) Roommates of different races just don't get along.

　　D) Assigning students' lodging randomly is not a good policy.

　　60. What does Alec Webley consider to be the "definition of integration"?

　　A) Students of different races are required to share a room.

　　B) Interracial lodging is arranged by the school for freshmen.

　　C) Lodging is assigned to students of different races without exception.

　　D) The school randomly assigns roommates without regard to race.

　　61. What does Grace Kao say about interracial lodging?

　　A) It is unscientific to make generalizations about it without further study.

　　B) Schools should be cautious when making decisions about student lodging.

　　C) Students' racial background should be considered before lodging is assigned.

　　D) Experienced resident advisors should be assigned to handle the problems.

　　57. What can we learn from some recent studies?

　　答案：D. Interracial lodging may have diverse outcomes.

　　關(guān)鍵詞：recent studies, but also

　　定位：題干中some recent studies提示答案定位在第一段第一句話。

　　解析：?jiǎn)栴}提問從最近的研究中我們可以了解到什么?第一段第一句中Several recent studies found that…與題干對(duì)應(yīng)，由此可知that后的就是recent studies的內(nèi)容，即being randomly assigned to a roommate of another race can lead to increased tolerance but also to a greater likelihood of conflict。其中“being randomly assigned to a roommate of another race”對(duì)應(yīng)了選項(xiàng)D中的“interracial lodging”，“can… but also…”說(shuō)明了interracial lodging是有利有弊的。因此D選項(xiàng)符合文意。而C選項(xiàng)“弊大于利”不符合文意, A“不同種族學(xué)生之間的爭(zhēng)執(zhí)是不可避免的”選項(xiàng)與B“不同種族的學(xué)生相互存在偏見”原文中沒有明確提及

　　58. What does Sam Boakye's remark mean?

　　答案：D. Being surrounded by white peers motivates a black student to work harder to succeed.

　　關(guān)鍵詞：surrounded, something to prove

　　定位：題干中出現(xiàn)的人名Sam Boakye提示答案定位在第四段第一句話。

　　解析：?jiǎn)栴}提問Sam Boakye的話是什么意思?通過定位可以找到Sam Boakye的那段話，即if you're surrounded by whites, you have something to prove. 這句話前面的插入語(yǔ)-the only black student on his freshman year floor- 介紹了Sam Boakye作為黑人學(xué)生的背景，幫助我們理解之前那句話：如果你的周圍都是白人，那么一定會(huì)去證明些什么，言下之意就是選項(xiàng)D“白人同伴的存在會(huì)激勵(lì)黑人學(xué)生更加努力地去取得成功”。而選項(xiàng)A, B, C在文中沒有明確提及。本題選項(xiàng)C有個(gè)干擾信息“the freshman year”，在原文中出現(xiàn)。某些考生看到這個(gè)詞，不假思索就選擇了這個(gè)選項(xiàng)，但沒有搞懂原文的意思，導(dǎo)致錯(cuò)誤選擇。請(qǐng)考生留意。

　　59. What does the Indian University study show?

　　答案：A. Interracial roommates are more likely to fall out.

　　關(guān)鍵詞：Indian University, more likely,

　　定位：題干中出現(xiàn)的機(jī)構(gòu)名稱Indian University提示答案定位在第七段第一句話。

　　解析：?jiǎn)栴}提問Indian University的研究顯示了什么?通過定位可以發(fā)現(xiàn)研究結(jié)果顯示Interracial roommate were three times as likely as two white roommates to no longer live together，與選項(xiàng)A中的more likely to fall out 對(duì)應(yīng)，因此選擇D。此處，fall out 應(yīng)該理解為“散伙，分開”有些考生可能因?yàn)椴焕斫庖馑级�產(chǎn)生歧義，請(qǐng)考生留意。

　　60. What does Alec Webley consider to be the “definition of integration”?

　　答案：D. The school randomly assigns roommates without regard to race.

　　關(guān)鍵詞：Alec Webley, definition of integration

　　定位：題干出現(xiàn)的人名Alec Webley提示答案定位在第十段第一句。

　　解析：通過定位找到人名，人名后出現(xiàn)“This is the definition of integration”，由“this”可知人名前就是我們要找的答案，即the process throws you together randomly，“throw you together randomly”與“randomly assign”對(duì)應(yīng)。意思與選項(xiàng)D符合。因此，此處選擇D。

　　61. What does Grace Kao say about interracial lodging?

　　答案：A. It is unscientific to make generalizations about it without further study.

　　關(guān)鍵詞：Grace Kao, generalizations

　　定位：題干中出現(xiàn)的人名Grace Kao以及generalizations提示答案定位在文章最后一段。根據(jù)最后一段意思：要得出Interracial lodging的一般規(guī)律，需要對(duì)學(xué)生的背景特征有更多的研究，與選項(xiàng)D的意思相同。而選項(xiàng)ABC在文中沒有明確提及。