2019年6月大學(xué)英語四級閱讀理解訓(xùn)練：天才

　　①The old idea that talented children “burn themselves out” in the early years, and, therefore, are subjected to failure and at worst, mental illness is unfounded. ②As a matter of fact, the outstanding thing that happens to bright kids is that they are very likely to grow into bright adults.

　　To find this out, l, 500 gifted persons were followed up to their thirty-fifth year with these results:

　�、貽n adult intelligence tests, they scored as high as they had as children. ②They were, as a group, in good health, physically and mentally. ③84 per cent of their group were married and seemed content with their lives.

　　①About 70 per cent had graduated from college, though only 30 per cent had graduated with honors. ②A few had even dropped out, but nearly half of these had returned to graduate. ③Of the men, 80 per cent were in one of the professions or in business management or semiprofessional jobs. ④The women who had remained single had office, business, or professional occupations.

　　The group had published 90 books and 1,500 articles in scientific, scholarly, and literary magazines and had collected more than 100 patents.

　�、買n a material way they did not do badly either. ②Average income was considerably higher among the gifted people, especially the men, than for the country as a whole, despite their comparative youth.

　　In fact, far from being strange, most of the gifted were turning their early promise into practical reality.

　　一、詞匯

　　1.subjected to容易遭受 2.unfounded a. 無理由的

　　3.follow up跟蹤,監(jiān)督 4.drop out退學(xué)

　　5.patent n. 專利權(quán),專利品 6.comparative a. 比較的,相當(dāng)?shù)?/P>

　　7.promise n. 獲得成功的跡象

　　二、長難句

　　1. The old idea that talented children “burn themselves out” in the early years, and, therefore, are subjected to failure and at worst, mental illness is unfounded.

　　該句的主干為The old idea that …is unfounded，其中that引導(dǎo)的從句做主語名詞The old idea的同位語。該從句的主干為talented children “burn themselves out” … and are subjected to failure and … mental illness。

　　翻譯：聰明的孩子年少時就“江郎才盡”從而變得一事無成甚至患有精神疾病，這種舊有的說法是沒有根據(jù)的。

　　2. As a matter of fact, the outstanding thing that happens to bright kids is that they are very likely to grow into bright adults.

　　該句的主干為the outstanding thing that … is that …。第一個that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾主語名詞the outstanding thing，第二個that引導(dǎo)表語從句。

　　翻譯：事實上，聰明的孩子的杰出之處在于他們很可能在成年后還是很聰明的。

　　3. Average income was considerably higher among the gifted people, especially the men, than for the country as a whole, despite their comparative youth.

　　該句主干為Average income was considerably higher … than (that) for the country as a whole，短語among the gifted people, especially the men和 for the country as a whole是相比較的范圍。介詞短語despite …做讓步狀語。

　　翻譯：這群天資稟賦之人，尤其是其中的男人，雖然比較年輕，但與全國其他人相比，他們的平均收入?yún)s高得多。

　　三、文章結(jié)構(gòu)分析

　　本文是一篇先駁后立的文章，批駁了天才兒童在年少時就“江郎才盡”的說法，指出聰明的孩子在成年后仍然是很有才華的。

　　第一段：開篇駁斥有關(guān)天才兒童早期才盡的舊有說法，并提出新的觀點，即聰明的孩子成年后仍然很聰明。

　　第二至六段：用實驗結(jié)果證明了表明了絕大多數(shù)的天兒童成年后仍取得了很大的成就，從而證明了作者觀點的正確性。

　　第七段：總結(jié)全文，重申文章主旨：大多數(shù)天才兒童都能將其年少時的夢想變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實。

　　四、試題具體分析

　　18. The old idea that talented children “burn themselves out” in the early years is ________.18. 聰明的孩子年少時就“江郎才盡“這種舊有的說法______。

　　[A] true in all senses[A] 在任何意義上來說都是正確的

　　[B] refuted by the author[B] 被作者駁斥了

　　[C] medically proven[C] 是有醫(yī)學(xué)根據(jù)的

　　[D] a belief of the author[D] 是作者的一種信仰

　　[分析]本題考查的知識點是：文章主旨。

　　作者開篇表明自己的觀點：聰明的孩子年少時就“江郎才盡”從而變得一事無成甚至變得精神失常，這種舊有的說法是沒有根據(jù)的。并在下文通過對1500名天才的檢測調(diào)查證明了該觀點的正確性。unfounded即表明作者是否定這種說法的，故[B]選項正確。

　　[A]選項反向干擾。[C]選項反向干擾，文章開篇即指出聰明的孩子年少時就“江郎才盡”的說法是沒有根據(jù)的。[D]選項反向干擾，根據(jù)上面的分析可知作者是批駁這種說法的，因此其不可能是作者的信仰，故排除。

　　19. The survey of bright children was made to ________.19. 對聰明的孩子進行調(diào)查是為了________.

　　[A] find out what had happened to talented children when they became adults[A] 查明這些有天賦的孩子成年后的狀況如何

　　[B] prove that talented children “burn themselves out” in the early years[B] 證明聰明的孩子年少時就會“江郎才盡”

　　[C] discover the percentage of those mentally ill among the gifted[C] 得到這些天才兒童中患精神疾病的人的比例

　　[D] prove that talented children never burn themselves out[D] 證明天才兒童永遠(yuǎn)都不會“江郎才盡”

　　[分析]本題考查的知識點是：寫作目的。

　　文章第二至五段詳述了對1500名天才兒童進行跟蹤檢測，得到他們成年后在生活、學(xué)習(xí)、工作、成就和薪酬等方面的具體情況，從而證明聰明的孩子很可能在成年后還是很聰明的�？芍�，調(diào)查的直接目的就是為了查明天才兒童成年之后的狀況如何，故[A]選項正確。

　　[B]選項反向干擾。作者在第一段就駁斥了這種說法，引用實驗的目的是為了證明這種說法的錯誤性。[C]選項是根據(jù)原文詞匯gifted, mental illness , percentage編造的干擾項，且文章第三段②句(They were,… in good health, physically and mentally.)也否定了這一說法。[D]選項過于絕對且無法推知。實驗并沒有指出所有的天才兒童長大之后都會很有才華，另外對實驗對象的跟蹤測試一直進行到他們35歲為止，因此對于天資稟賦之人35歲后的情況無法推知。

　　20. Intelligence tests showed that ________.20. 智力測試表明_______。

　　[A] bright children were unlikely to be mentally healthy[A] 聰明的孩子是不可能精神正常的

　　[B] between childhood and adulthood there was a considerable loss of intelligence[B] 從孩提到成年智力喪失很嚴(yán)重的

　　[C] talented children were most likely to become gifted adults[C] 天才兒童成年后最可能成為有才華的人

　　[D] when talented children grew into adults, they made low scores[D] 當(dāng)天才兒童成年后很難取得成就

　　[分析]本題考查的知識點是：具體細(xì)節(jié)。

　　根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第三段。該段①句指出，在成人智力測試上，孩提時智商很高的人在成年后同樣會取得很高的分?jǐn)?shù)。緊接著在下文指出這些孩子成年后在生活，學(xué)習(xí)，工作以及所取得的成就等方面也是十分突出的。由此可知，智力測試表明了天才兒童成年后也最可能成為有才華的人，[C]選項正確。

　　[A]選項反向干擾。智力測試無法對精神狀態(tài)進行測試，且第三段②句指出了這些孩子成年后身心狀況都是良好的。文章主要論述了天才兒童在成年之后仍然是很有才華的，因此他們從孩提到成年智力并沒有喪失而且他們也是很有成就的，故可排除[B]、[D]選項。

　　五、全文翻譯

　　聰明的孩子年少時就“江郎才盡”從而變得一事無成甚至患有精神疾病，這種舊有的說法是沒有根據(jù)的。事實上，聰明的孩子的杰出之處在于他們很可能在成年后還是很聰明的。

　　為了驗證這一結(jié)論，實驗跟蹤監(jiān)測了1,500名有天賦的人，這個實驗一直進行到他們35歲為止，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)：

　　在成人智力測試上，他們的得分同他們孩提時的得分一樣高。作為一個群體，他們身心狀況良好。在這個群體中，有84%的人已經(jīng)結(jié)婚了而且似乎對自己的生活感到滿意。

　　雖然只有30%的人是優(yōu)秀畢業(yè)生，但大學(xué)畢業(yè)的人數(shù)約為70%。雖然有幾個人曾中途退學(xué)，但是其中將近一半的人又重新返回了學(xué)校并畢業(yè)。其中男性中的80%的人在專業(yè)領(lǐng)域、企業(yè)管理或是半專業(yè)領(lǐng)域里從事工作。而其中仍為單身的女性也在辦事處、企業(yè)或?qū)�業(yè)領(lǐng)域工作。

　　這群人已經(jīng)編著了90本書并在科學(xué)、學(xué)術(shù)以及文學(xué)雜志上發(fā)表了1500篇文章以及擁有100多項專利權(quán)。

　　在現(xiàn)實生活中，他們也表現(xiàn)良好。這群天資稟賦之人，尤其是其中的男人，雖然比較年輕，但與全國其他人相比，他們的平均收入?yún)s高得多。

　　事實上，不足為奇，大多數(shù)的天才都會將其早年的跡象轉(zhuǎn)化為現(xiàn)實。