2018年5月CATTI英語二級口譯試題

　　Part 1 English to Chinese Interpreting

　　Passage 1

　　亞洲國家經(jīng)濟增長

　　Ladies and gentlemen, there are more than 95% of the Asian countries that are middle income countries, compared to less than 10% 20 years ago. Such dramatic change is due to the rapid economic growth of China, India, Indonesia and other Asian countries. Now the challenge that is faced by all the Asian countries largely in the middle income region is how to transition into high income economies. Many developing countries’ experience for the past 50 years has shown that, such transition is not easy. Brazil and Columbus has been at the middle income level for decades, but still not yet breakthrough. At the same time, Singapore has transitioned from the middle income level to high income level with only 25 years has also shown that this can be done.

　　Investment in infrastructure is key to countries to follow through this transition. However, countries have to step up their efforts in productivity promotion, meaning that it’s half to make sure the good use of input instead of only focusing the amount of input. For the past 10 years productivity growth accounted for 30% of economic growth. Innovation is what needs to be promoted together with high-quality infrastructure as well as human capital. Innovation is getting more and more important as a country develops its economy. It helps with creating new products and more values in products, in turn will even further economic development and increase wage level.

　　Higher quality of human capital means more scaled and more knowledgeable work force, which is the foundation of any economy. Enhancing the quality of human capital is going to boost growth and equity. A recent study has shown that 20% increase in human capital investment will lead to 3% of productivity growth and narrowing the income gap by 4%. Workers in middle income countries have an average of six years of schooling. That is why countries need to close such gap compared to 10 years of average schooling in high income countries. Quality of education is even more crucial. In math and science subjects 15 year old students in high income countries are doing much better than those in middle income countries. Students with strong abilities in reading writing and problem-solving are more likely to become the future innovators. Sorry also shows a direct relation between investments made in education and growth in GDP.

　　Different countries prioritize different infrastructure. Low income countries often need to meet the basic needs such as water supply public health and transportation. Once countries develop even further they won’t need to focus on electricity and IT infrastructure. IT is a key driver to innovation because it helps create and spread knowledge. Middle income countries with more Internet users are more innovative than those without the internet. Increasing investment in IT is going to boost innovation and productivity.

　　To encourage innovation and entrepreneurship, countries have to step up efforts in intellectual property protection as well as the rule of law, increased financing and created equal policies to boost competition. According to estimation, about US$26 trillion will be spent from 2016 to 2030 on infrastructure investment, in order to lower the impact of climate change. To meet this need, Asian countries need to carry out tax reform, change their economic structure and borrow prudently. But they tend to face a founding shortage anyway. That is why Asian countries have to attract more private investment and build a better investment environment - working with private investors and offer a higher return. To conclude, I believe Asian countries have come so far so quickly, The promotion of human capital to achieve sustained growth can be done. That is going to be the natural next step for us.

　　Passage 2

　　人工智能發(fā)展趨勢

　　Today I would like to talk about technology and where technology is going. The major trend for technology is that it is getting smarter and smarter, which I call artificial intelligence, AI. The use of AI includes robots that are going to undertake a lot of the tasks that human used to do. It is going to redefine jobs and create more tasks that we had no idea exist. This is going to bring drastic changes to society for the next 20 years.

　　Of course we already have AI right now and they are working at the back offices. AIs have eyes in the hospital diagnosing X-rays better than human doctors. AIs have eyes at the back offices of law firms processing legal evidence better than human lawyers. For pilots they only work for 7 to 8 minutes when flying a plane because AI is doing the rest of the work. We also have Amazon and Alibaba that provide smart recommendations with AIs at the back offices. AlphaGo also defeated the world’s Go champion. When we play video games we are playing against AIs. Now what Google is doing is trying to teach AIs how to play video games. And with such learning mechanisms, AI was getting smarter and smarter.

　　There are two aspects that is not truly appreciated by humans. The first is that humans do not really understand the concept of intelligence. Humans tend to have the single dimensional understanding, thinking that IQ is the only way of showing intelligence. For example a rat is the least smart, a monkey is better. Then an average person such as me as smarter than a monkey but not smarter than a genius. Such understanding of intelligence is completely wrong. Human intelligence is like a symphony, in fact, it’s like different instruments playing together.

　　Secondly, AI was the technology leading the second industrial revolution. First industrial revolution relied on artificial force. Before the agricultural revolution, all work was done by human muscle or animal force. It is extremely important that during the first agriculture revolution we utilized steam and fossil fuels to power productivity. That is why when we drive a car today it is using the force of 2500 horses, that is, 2500 horse power. Artificial force is what helps us to build sky scrapers and produce massive products in factories that cannot be done by humans.

　　Artificial forces can also go through wires and grid, Connecting homes, factories, and farmlands, that is offered to everyone to buy. And the smartness of artificial intelligence is multiplied by 1 million times powers the Second Industrial Revolution. That is why the cars on the highway with 2500 horsepower is going to be automated in the future. And AI will be developed, just as electricity to the grid, on the cloud.

　　Part 2 Chinese to English Interpreting

　　Passage 1

　　中國新四大發(fā)明

　　2000年前，中國發(fā)明了指南針、火藥、造紙術(shù)、以及印刷術(shù)，這四大發(fā)明推動了人類文明的進步。自改革開放以來，世界也在見證著中國的高速發(fā)展和變化，并出現(xiàn)了新的四大發(fā)明——高鐵、手機支付、共享單車以及網(wǎng)上購物。

　　中國的高鐵正處于世界的領(lǐng)先地位，中國僅用了10年的時間，高鐵網(wǎng)絡(luò)便已覆蓋全國，橫跨長度達(dá)2.2萬公里，占世界高鐵總長度的65%。從首都北京到最大的都市上海，高鐵長達(dá)1300公里，時速350公里，票價僅僅相當(dāng)于70歐元，這深刻的改變了中國人們的出行方式。

　　在中國，不論身處何方，都可以運用手機進行支付，給人們的生活帶來了巨大的便利。無論是打車、購物還是看電影，都可以用手機支付。目前，中國已經(jīng)有四億人口在使用手機支付，交易金額高達(dá)5.5萬億元。中國已經(jīng)逐漸進入了無現(xiàn)金社會，并且在技術(shù)處于世界各國當(dāng)中的最先進水平。

　　近幾年來，共享單車發(fā)展迅猛。無論是大小城市任何角落，你都可以看到共享單車的身影�？梢栽谌我獾攸c使用，并在任意地點歸還。只要下載手機客戶端，就可以解鎖單車，并且可以用手機進行支付。共享單車的出現(xiàn)有更好的促進人們健康出行。

　　網(wǎng)上購物你改變了人們的購物方式。如今在中國有5億人口在網(wǎng)上進行購物，貿(mào)易量達(dá)27萬億，占全球電商貿(mào)易額的40%。購買的商品將會在當(dāng)天或者是第二天送達(dá)。網(wǎng)上購物的興起刺激了消費，成為了中國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的主要動力之一。中國為什么會出現(xiàn)新的四大發(fā)明呢?答案很簡單，就是創(chuàng)新。中國政府正在大力鼓勵企業(yè)創(chuàng)新，給予多方面的支持。過幾年各位再一次來到中國的時候，我相信一定會看到中國的更多發(fā)明。

　　Passage 2

　　新型全球化

　　對我而言，當(dāng)今的全球化面臨著一個突出的問題，那就是包容性不足。在某些地區(qū)，自由貿(mào)易不僅具有歧視性，同時還具有排他性。現(xiàn)在我們必須要建立起開放包容的制度安排中國的一帶一路倡議，恰恰就是為這一問題貢獻(xiàn)中國智慧和中國力量，以此來更好地推動各國共同發(fā)展。

　　新型全球化旨在促進創(chuàng)新，并適應(yīng)創(chuàng)新。全球經(jīng)濟依賴工業(yè)革命和數(shù)字經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展，因此各個國家應(yīng)注重對技術(shù)革命方面的培訓(xùn)。在發(fā)展中更好的提供支持援助以及技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓，幫助貧困國家更好的縮小技術(shù)鴻溝。

　　綠色經(jīng)濟是新型全球化必不可少的條件。過去的100年來，有工業(yè)革命造成的環(huán)境污染，導(dǎo)致絕大部分發(fā)展中國家所面臨的環(huán)境壓力不斷升級。環(huán)境是發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)，沒有良好的環(huán)境，經(jīng)濟也無法得以繁榮。然而發(fā)展也是環(huán)境保護的前提條件，只有經(jīng)濟發(fā)展社會進步了才能更有效的保護環(huán)境。

　　新型全球化必須要建立在可持續(xù)框架的前提之下，各國發(fā)展必須要均衡考慮經(jīng)濟發(fā)展、減少貧困與環(huán)境保護，推動綠色經(jīng)濟發(fā)展，達(dá)到經(jīng)濟與環(huán)境雙贏。

　　那么如何實現(xiàn)人們所期待的新型全球化呢?不同的人肯定有不同的答案。但是有一個條件是肯定的，那就是我們必須要反對保護主義和孤立主義，實現(xiàn)開發(fā)包容。無論是大國還是小國啊，大型跨國企業(yè)還是中小型企業(yè)，都應(yīng)該加入進來，共享新型全球化的益處。