【口譯培訓(xùn)】在聽錄音前，請先查找下列詞匯，短語，并了解其各種可能的用法和意義
1.undergraduate
2.voice of experience
3.do cold call
4.in a figurative sense
5.baccalaureate service
6.Q&A
7.publicly available
8.rational choice
9.pretense of invulnerability
10.a generous starting salary
11.the promise of future wealth
12.burden you with no small
13.expectations
14.this is the best news
15.live self-consciously
本文節(jié)選自美國哈佛現(xiàn)任校長著名歷史學(xué)家在2008屆本科畢業(yè)典禮上的講話。她是哈佛第28任校長，也是1636年建校以來的首位女校長。她曾說 過:“我希望我的任命能夠成為一個開啟機會大門的標(biāo)志性事件，在上—代人的時代，這樣的機會還難以想象。我不是哈佛大學(xué)女校長，我是哈佛大學(xué)校長”。該演講難度偏高，請仔細聽錄音。
Baccalaureate Address to Class of 2008
You have been undergraduates for four years. I have been president for not quite one. You have known three presidents;I one senior class. Where then lies the voice of experience? Maybe you should be offering the wisdom. Perhaps our roles could be reversed and I could, in Harvard Law School style, do cold calls for the next hour or so.
We all do seem to have made it to this point—more or less in one piece. Though I recently learned that we have not provided you with dinner since May 22. I know we need to wean you from Harvard in a figurative sense. I never knew we took it quite so literally.
But let's return to that notion of cold calls for a moment. Let's imagine this were a baccalaureate service in the form of Q &A. and you were asking the questions. “What is the meaning of life，President Faust? What were these four
years at Harvard for? President Faust, you must have learned something since you graduated from college exactly 40 years ago?” (Forty years. I'll say it out loud since every detail of my life—and certainly the year of my Bryn Mawr degree-now seems to be publicly available. But please remember I was young for my class.)
I find myself in some ways less interested in answering your question than in figuring out why you are posing it. If Professors Goldin and Katz have it right;if finance is indeed the “rational choice，” why do you keep raising this issue with me? Why does this seemingly rational choice strike a number of you as not understandable，as not entirely rational，as in some sense less a free choice than a compulsion or necessity? Why does this seem to be troubling so many of you?
Let's for a moment abandon our Harvard savoir faire, our imperturbability, our pretense of invulnerability, and try to find the beginnings of some answers to your question.
I think you are worried because you want your lives not just to be conventionally successful, but to be meaningful, and you are not sure how those two goals fit together. You are not sure if a generous starting salary at a prestigious brand name organization together with the promise of future wealth will feed your soul.
Why are you worried? Partly it is our fault. We have told you from the moment you arrived here that you will be the leaders responsible for the future, that you are the best and the brightest on whom we will all depend, that you will change the world. We have burdened you with no small expectations. And you have already done remarkable things to fulfill them： your dedication to service demonstrated in your extracurricular engagements, your concern about the future of the planet expressed in your vigorous championing of sustainability, your reinvigoration of American politics through engagement in this year’s presidential contests.
I think there is a second reason you are worried—related to but not entirely distinct from the first. You want to be happy. You have flocked to courses like “Positive Psychology”—Psych 1504—and “The Science of Happiness” in search of tips. But how do we find happiness? I can offer one encouraging answer： get older. Turns out that survey data show older people—that is, my age—report themselves happier than do younger ones. But perhaps you don’t want to wait.
I think of this as my parking space theory of career choice, and I have been sharing it with students for decades. Don't park 20 blocks from your destination because you think you’ll never find a space. Go where you want to be and then circle back to where you have to be.
But what is ultimately most important here is that you are asking the question—not just of me but of yourselves. You are choosing roads and at the same time challenging your own choices. You have a notion of what you want your life to be and you are not sure the road you are taking is going to get you there. This is the best news. And it is also, I hope, to some degree, our fault. Noticing your life, reflecting upon it，considering how you can live it well， wondering how you can do good： these are perhaps the most valuable things that a liberal arts education has equipped you to do. A liberal education demands that you live self-consciously. It prepares you to seek and define the meaning inherent in all you do. It has made you an analyst and critic of yourself, a person in this way supremely equipped to take charge of your life and how it unfolds. It is in this sense that the liberal arts are liberal—as in liberare—to free. They empower you with the possibility of exercising agency, of discovering meaning, of making choices. The surest way to have a meaningful, happy life is to commit yourself to striving for it. Don't settle. Be prepared to change routes. Remember the impossible expectations we have of you, and even as you recognize they are impossible, remember how important they are as a lodestar guiding you toward something that matters to you and to the world. The meaning of your life is for you to make.
I can’t wait to see how you all turn out. Do come back，from time to time， and let us know.
【口譯培訓(xùn)】錄音下載地址：http://pan.baidu.com/s/1c0pg8rY
【口譯培訓(xùn)】重點詞匯：
1)cold call: make a cold call原意指未經(jīng)過預(yù)約，向從未謀面過的人打電話，可以是電話銷售人員給目標(biāo)客戶打電話，可以是求職者主動給雇主打電話，也可以是突然造訪某人家里。文中的do cold calls是指冷不防地向演講者提出問題， “打冷槍、放冷箭”。cold call也可直接當(dāng)動詞用，如cold call someone。
2)wean:原意指新生兒母親給嬰兒斷奶，該詞在文中表示的意思是“停止提供伙食”。常用的搭配用法是 wean someone off a habitat/something they like，表示逐漸使某人改掉原先的習(xí)慣，或者喪失對某件事物的熱愛。
3)Q & A: question and answer的縮寫形式，即“提問與回答”形式的交流。
4)savoir faire:能在合適的時機做恰當(dāng)?shù)氖碌哪芰妥孕�，可譯作“處事靈活”。
5)invulnerability:原意“刀槍不入”，此處指“做事無懈可擊”。
6)extracurricular engagement: “課外活動”，也可用 extracurricular activity 來表達。
7)reinvigoration:“賦予……新的生命和活力”，“復(fù)興、振興”之意。
8)liberal arts:大學(xué)里的通識課程或者博雅教育課程，比如文學(xué)、歷史、語言學(xué)、哲學(xué)，對學(xué)生在自己所學(xué)專業(yè)之外進行的博雅教育。
9)lodestar:原意指可作參考指引的星星，尤其是北極星;此處比喻指引青年學(xué)生 不斷奮斗前進的理想或目標(biāo)。
【口譯培訓(xùn)】參考譯文：
你們已經(jīng)上了四年大學(xué)，而我當(dāng)校長還不到一年;你們認識三任校長，而我卻 只認識大四這一屆學(xué)生。那我還有什么資格在這里談經(jīng)驗?zāi)?或許應(yīng)該由你們上來展示你們的智慧，或許我們可以互換一下角色。這樣我就可以像法學(xué)院學(xué)生那 樣，在接下來的時間里“打冷槍”，突然提問了。
我們似乎都在努力讓這一刻早點到來，而且?guī)缀跏遣秸{(diào)一致。盡管最近我才得知，從5月22日起學(xué)校就不給你們提供伙食了。我知道我們需要象征性地給你 們“斷奶”，沒想到后勤部門還真的給你們斷了“奶”。
現(xiàn)在讓我們再說說那個 “打冷槍”吧!讓我們把這個本科畢業(yè)典禮想象成是以 答疑的形式進行的。你們在問:“人生的意義何在，福校長?在哈佛的四年是為了 什么?福校長，從大學(xué)畢業(yè)到現(xiàn)在的40年里，您一定學(xué)到些可以教給我們的東西吧?”(四十年啊!那我就直說了吧!因為我人生的每個細節(jié)——當(dāng)然包括我在布 林茅爾學(xué)院獲得學(xué)位的那年——似乎眾人皆知。但請記住，當(dāng)時我在班上年紀算小的。)
其實，比起回答你們的問題來，我更喜歡思考你們?yōu)槭裁磿@樣提問。如果戈 丁和凱茲教授所言不虛;如果從事金融業(yè)真的就是“理性選擇”;那你們?yōu)槭裁催�不停向我問問題?為什么這個看似理性的選擇，卻會讓你們許多人無法理解，覺得不盡理性，甚至有的會覺得是被迫做出的必要選擇?為什么這個問題會困擾你們這么多人呢?
讓我們暫時扔掉哈佛人的自信、沉著和那看似刀槍不人的偽裝，試著來探尋你們問題的答案吧!
我覺得你們之所以憂慮，是因為你們夢想的不僅僅是平常意義上的成功，還有要活得有意義;而且你們不知道如何才能兩者兼得。你不清楚名企提供的優(yōu)厚起薪和未來的財富是否能讓自己的靈魂得到滿足。
你們?yōu)槭裁匆箲]?說起來，我們校方也有錯。你們一入校，我們就告訴你們:你們是未來的領(lǐng)袖，你們是精英中的精英，將來就靠你們了，世界需要你們來改變。我們對你們的期望過高，其實，你們已經(jīng)很好地實現(xiàn)了這些目標(biāo):你們將課余時間奉獻給了公共服務(wù);你們極力支持可持續(xù)發(fā)展，關(guān)心地球的未來;你們參與了今年的總統(tǒng)競選，使得美國政治恢復(fù)了活力。
我想，你們憂慮還另有原因——與第一個原因相關(guān)，但又有所不同。你們想獲 得幸福，因此，你們蜂擁去上《積極心理學(xué)》課程——“心1504”——和《幸福學(xué)》這 門課，想從中找到秘訣。但是，我們怎樣才能獲得幸福呢?我可以提供一個振奮人心的答案:那就是變老。調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)顯示，老年人——像我這樣的年紀——覺得比年輕人要過得幸福。不過恐怕你們不想這樣坐等罷了。
我把它稱作職業(yè)選擇的“停車位理論”。幾十年來，我一直在和學(xué)生共享這個理論。那就是，不要因為覺得找不到停車位，就把車停在離目的地20個街區(qū)遠的地方。你應(yīng)該先到想去的地方，然后迂回到不得不去的地方。
但最最重要的是，你們問這個問題—不僅僅是在問我，也是在問你們自己。 你們在選擇自己的人生道路，同時又在質(zhì)疑自己的選擇。你們知道自己想要什么樣的生活，但卻不確定選擇的道路是否能讓自己獲得幸福。這樣其實很好。而且 我希望這在某種程度上也是我們的錯。你們要關(guān)注生活，思考生活，思考怎樣才能幸福地生活，考慮如何才能有益于社會:恐怕這些就是文科教育可以給你們“裝備” 的最有價值的東西。文科教育要求你們要活得明白。它讓你探尋和定義自己行為背后的意義。它同時讓你成為一個經(jīng)常自我分析、自我批評的人。這樣的人完全 能掌控自己的人生。正是在這個意義上，文科教育就像其字面意思那樣，使你們自由。它賦予你發(fā)揮才干的能力，發(fā)現(xiàn)真理的能力，做出選擇的能力。通往幸福最可 靠的途徑就是全身心地為目標(biāo)去奮斗，切勿安于現(xiàn)狀，時刻準備著改變?nèi)松缆�。牢記我們寄予你們的厚望，哪怕它看起來不現(xiàn)實，記住它就像北斗星一樣重要，指引你朝著你和世界所期望的目標(biāo)前進!人生的意義掌握在你們自己的手中。
我迫不及待地想知道你們的未來。別忘了�！盎丶摇笨纯�!
【口譯培訓(xùn)】文章點評：
(1) 本文節(jié)選自德魯?吉爾平?福斯特(Drew Gilpin Faust)于2008年6月3日 在哈佛大學(xué)2008屆本科生畢業(yè)典禮上的講話。福斯特是美國著名的歷史學(xué) 家，是哈佛大學(xué)歷史上首位女校長，也是自1672年以來首位非哈佛畢業(yè)的哈 佛校長。這是一篇精彩絕倫的演講，極富文采、充滿智慧、啟迪人生，還不乏詼 諧幽默。文章許多地方都可圈可點。
(2) 開頭有一處省略，即I one senior class。在譯文中補充省略的內(nèi)容，關(guān)鍵在 于參照前句的內(nèi)容。這里，省略的是前面已有的謂語know。因此，全句 意思為:“你們認識三任校長，而我卻只認識大四這一屆學(xué)生�！痹摱沃械� do cold calls是個俗語，原意為“陌生電話，推銷電話，即打給陌生人或不希 望被聯(lián)絡(luò)的人的一通電話或是拜訪，常常是為了推銷東西”。按照本文語境，這里應(yīng)該是“突然提出問題”之意，形象點就是“打冷槍，放冷箭”。
(3) 第二段最后一句是個翻譯難點。我們知道wean原意指“給嬰兒斷奶”。 這里，第一個的wean是比喻意義上的“斷奶”，即讓學(xué)生步入社會，學(xué)會獨 立生存;第二個的took it中“it”代指學(xué)校為畢業(yè)生提供的伙食。通過前一 句話我們知道，哈佛大學(xué)的后勤部門從5月22日開始就已停止為畢業(yè)生提供伙食。因此，整句可以譯為我知道我們早晚得給你們‘?dāng)嗄獭�，但絕沒料到后勤部門還真就早早把你們的‘奶’給斷了�！�
(4) 第四段的第一句，我們需要重新拆分句子，才能做到譯文流暢，即“其實，比起回答你們的問題來，我更喜歡思考你們?yōu)槭裁磿@樣提問�！�
(5) 第五段中我們要能準確地譯出幾個描述哈佛學(xué)生特點的名詞，即savoirfaire, imperturbability，pretense of invulnerability。它們可依次解釋為： 自信、沉著、看似刀槍不入的偽裝。因此，整句可這樣處理:“讓我們暫時扔掉哈佛人的自信、沉著和那看似刀槍不入的偽裝”。
(6) 第六段中 you are not sure how those two goals fit together 可以用漢語中 的“魚與熊掌不能兼得”這個典故來處理，即“我覺得你們之所以憂慮，是因為你們夢想的不僅僅是平常意義上的成功，還有要活得有意義;而且你們不知道如何才能做到魚和熊掌兼得�！�
(7) 在第八段中，我們將心理學(xué)課程代號Psych1504翻譯成“心1504”，既照顧到了英漢文字表面的對應(yīng)，也符合中文的表達習(xí)慣。
(8) Go where you want to be and then circle back to where you have to be. 可以譯為:“先到你想去的地方，然后迂回到你應(yīng)該去的地方�！边@句話不僅僅文字精彩，而且對當(dāng)代大學(xué)畢業(yè)生的職業(yè)選擇起到了很好的指導(dǎo)作用。
