Passage 1

　　One is that economic production becomes more concentrated spatially, that is, regionally, in the most successful parts of provinces in the most successful countries in the world (1), so as in fact David pointed out, having things that are concentrated is not necessarily a bad thing, in fact in many cases it’s a good thing. The second point is that as economic production concentrates, living standards of people, aided by government policies, become more equal after becoming first a little bit more unequal (2). So eventually there is a divergence..., there is a convergence of living standards after a period of divergence (3).

　　翻譯培訓(xùn)技能提示：

　　(1)英文的“頭輕腳重”得益于關(guān)系代詞和介詞的靈活使用。此句從筆譯角度來 看毫無難度，但是對(duì)于同傳譯員來說絕非易事。三個(gè)in讓譯員陷入僵局：等發(fā)言人說完再譯還是順句切分?等待可以確保表達(dá)的流暢和完整，但是對(duì)于工作記憶能力一般或EVS較短的譯員來說，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)很大。若順句驅(qū)動(dòng)，要注意添加連接詞。

　　(2)與其說反說是一種技巧，不如說是一種意識(shí)。聽到before或after,就要心中有數(shù)，必要時(shí)采取轉(zhuǎn)換。

　　(3)發(fā)言人的錯(cuò)誤盡量不要譯，否則目的語(yǔ)聽眾會(huì)歸咎于譯員。聽到divergence 的時(shí)候，不論知不知道這個(gè)詞是對(duì)是錯(cuò)，譯員都應(yīng)該先等待一下，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)詞必須和后面的信息聯(lián)系在一起才有意義“在什么方面拉開差距”。在等待的過程中，發(fā)言人糾正自己的錯(cuò)誤，譯員也可以避免將錯(cuò)誤信息譯出。

　　Passage 2

　　Let me end this part of this talk by talking about just three country examples about how these are applied and giving you three... this is a report about economic geography, doing this by showing you three maps of countries (1), one of China, one of India, and one of Brazil. This is the map that is based on the report that David talked about on two things, one is the poverty map of China, which is the percent of people living below two dollars a day 2002 (2). The darker area is the larger percentage; the lighter area is the smaller percentage.

　　翻譯培訓(xùn)技能提示：

　　(1)如果發(fā)言人讀稿，那么一般就不會(huì)有邏輯問題，口誤也少，但是譯員很難跟上發(fā)言速度，因?yàn)椤白x”不同于“說”，缺乏一個(gè)思維過程，容易讀快。不讀稿，錯(cuò)誤就多，譯員就得提防，盡量利用時(shí)間差，略去發(fā)言人自己講錯(cuò)、立刻糾正的信息。

　　(2)看似簡(jiǎn)單的句子，因?yàn)殛P(guān)系代詞和介詞的使用，對(duì)譯員的加工能力提出了很 高的要求。此句采用順句驅(qū)動(dòng)較為合適，將that視為銜接各意群的標(biāo)識(shí)。另外，也可通過發(fā)言人使用的幻燈片幫助自己掌握信息。

　　Passage 3

　　This is the 30th anniversary of the beginning of reform and opening up in China (1). And during that period, Guangdong has been a leading province in reform and in development. I think everyone in the world is quite impressed with the development in China (2). And within that, Guangdong is certainly a leading example of reform and development.

　　翻譯培訓(xùn)技能提示：

　　(1)這里不僅僅要考慮of和in兩個(gè)介詞的結(jié)構(gòu)作用，還要看到成功的預(yù)測(cè)對(duì)于譯 員的幫助。通過譯前準(zhǔn)備或者對(duì)前文的理解，譯員對(duì)于主題知識(shí)和發(fā)言主要內(nèi)容要心中有數(shù)。一旦聽到“三十周年”，就要主動(dòng)搜索記憶里的知識(shí)，提前預(yù)判“中國(guó)改革開放三十周年”。

　　(2)被動(dòng)變主動(dòng)經(jīng)常會(huì)給譯員帶來麻煩。譯員需要有調(diào)整語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)的意識(shí)，把握常用的轉(zhuǎn)換方法。雖說同傳的過程是活的，是需要隨機(jī)應(yīng)變的，但能夠掌握常用的表達(dá)方式，變非自動(dòng)的信息檢索為自動(dòng)的信息供給，譯員就可以騰出更多的時(shí)間來加工、處理接踵而來的信息。