We are all intimately familiar with at least one language, yet few of us ever stop to consider what we know about it. The words of a language can be listed in a dictionary, but not all the sentences.
Speakers use a finite set of rules to produce and understand an infinite set of sentences. These rules comprise the grammar of a language. It includes the sound system and the way in which sounds and meanings are related.
This linguistic knowledge is, however, different from linguistic behavior. If you woke up one morning and decided to stop talking, you would still have the knowledge of your language.
Language is a tool of communication. But if language is defined merely as a system of communication, then language is not unique to humans. A basic property of human language is its creative aspect.
參考答案
雖然我們?nèi)巳酥辽偻〞砸婚T語言,但很少有人會(huì)靜心思考一下對(duì)語言了解什么。語言的詞匯可以在詞典中列出,但并非所有句子都能為詞典所收入。
說話者可以運(yùn)用一組數(shù)量有限的規(guī)則來表達(dá)與理解數(shù)量無限的句子。這些規(guī)則組成了語言的語法體系。語法包括音系以及語音和語義之間聯(lián)系的規(guī)則。
然而,語言知識(shí)有別于語言行為。某天早晨你醒來后決定不說話,你仍然具有你所操語言的知識(shí)。
語言是交際的工具。但如果語言的定義僅僅是一種交際系統(tǒng),那語言便不是人類的專有品。人類語言的一個(gè)基本屬性是創(chuàng)造性。
報(bào)名時(shí)間 | 報(bào)名流程 | 考試時(shí)間 |
報(bào)考條件 | 考試科目 | 考試級(jí)別 |
成績(jī)查詢 | 考試教材 | 考點(diǎn)名錄 |
合格標(biāo)準(zhǔn) | 證書管理 | 備考指導(dǎo) |
初級(jí)會(huì)計(jì)職稱中級(jí)會(huì)計(jì)職稱經(jīng)濟(jì)師注冊(cè)會(huì)計(jì)師證券從業(yè)銀行從業(yè)會(huì)計(jì)實(shí)操統(tǒng)計(jì)師審計(jì)師高級(jí)會(huì)計(jì)師基金從業(yè)資格期貨從業(yè)資格稅務(wù)師資產(chǎn)評(píng)估師國際內(nèi)審師ACCA/CAT價(jià)格鑒證師統(tǒng)計(jì)資格從業(yè)
一級(jí)建造師二級(jí)建造師二級(jí)建造師造價(jià)工程師土建職稱公路檢測(cè)工程師建筑八大員注冊(cè)建筑師二級(jí)造價(jià)師監(jiān)理工程師咨詢工程師房地產(chǎn)估價(jià)師 城鄉(xiāng)規(guī)劃師結(jié)構(gòu)工程師巖土工程師安全工程師設(shè)備監(jiān)理師環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)土地登記代理公路造價(jià)師公路監(jiān)理師化工工程師暖通工程師給排水工程師計(jì)量工程師
人力資源考試教師資格考試出版專業(yè)資格健康管理師導(dǎo)游考試社會(huì)工作者司法考試職稱計(jì)算機(jī)營養(yǎng)師心理咨詢師育嬰師事業(yè)單位教師招聘理財(cái)規(guī)劃師公務(wù)員公選考試招警考試選調(diào)生村官
執(zhí)業(yè)藥師執(zhí)業(yè)醫(yī)師衛(wèi)生資格考試衛(wèi)生高級(jí)職稱執(zhí)業(yè)護(hù)士初級(jí)護(hù)師主管護(hù)師住院醫(yī)師臨床執(zhí)業(yè)醫(yī)師臨床助理醫(yī)師中醫(yī)執(zhí)業(yè)醫(yī)師中醫(yī)助理醫(yī)師中西醫(yī)醫(yī)師中西醫(yī)助理口腔執(zhí)業(yè)醫(yī)師口腔助理醫(yī)師公共衛(wèi)生醫(yī)師公衛(wèi)助理醫(yī)師實(shí)踐技能內(nèi)科主治醫(yī)師外科主治醫(yī)師中醫(yī)內(nèi)科主治兒科主治醫(yī)師婦產(chǎn)科醫(yī)師西藥士/師中藥士/師臨床檢驗(yàn)技師臨床醫(yī)學(xué)理論中醫(yī)理論