文化

　　四大發(fā)明 the four great inventions of ancient China

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　　火藥gunpowder

　　印刷術(shù) printing

　　造紙術(shù)paper-making

　　指南針the compass

　　四書The Four Books

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　　《大學(xué) 》The Great Learning

　　《中庸》The Doctrine of the Mean

　　《論語》The Analects of Confucius

　　《孟子》The Mencius

　　中國畫 traditional Chinese painting

　　書法 calligraphy

　　水墨畫Chinese brush painting; ink and wash painting

　　工筆 traditional Chinese realistic painting

　　孫子兵法The Art of War

　　漢字 Chinese character

　　華夏祖先 the Chinese ancestors

　　單音節(jié) single syllable

　　漢語有 “合理的邏輯性” Chinese language is “soberly logical” (Edward Sapir, American linguist)

　　漢語四聲調(diào)the four tones of Chinese characters

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　　level tone陽平

　　rising tone陰平

　　falling-rising tone上聲

　　falling tone去聲

　　武術(shù) martial art

　　中國武術(shù) Kung fu

　　武術(shù)門派 styles or schools of martial art

　　習(xí)武健身practice martial art for fitness

　　氣功Qigong, deep breathing exercises

　　拳擊boxing

　　中國文學(xué)Chinese literature

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　　《三國演義》Three Kingdoms

　　《西游記》 Journey to the West; Pilgrimage to the West

　　《紅樓夢》Dream of the Red Mansions

　　《山海經(jīng)》 the Classic of Mountains and Rivers

　　《資治通鑒》History as a Mirror;Comprehensive History Retold as a Mirror for Rulers

　　《西廂記》 the Romance of West Chamber

　　《水滸傳》 Heroes of the Marshes; Tales of the Water Margin

　　《聊齋志異》 Strange Tales of a Lonely Studio; Strange Tales from Make-Do Studio

　　《圍城》Fortress Besieged

　　《阿Q正傳》 The True Story of Ah Q

　　春秋 the Spring and Autumn Annals

　　史記 Historical Records

　　詩經(jīng) The Books of Songs;the Book of Odes

　　書經(jīng) The Books of History

　　易經(jīng) I Ching; the Book of Changes

　　禮記 the Book of Rites

　　孝經(jīng)Book of Filial Piety

　　三字經(jīng) three-character scripture; three-word chant

　　八股文 eight-part essay; stereotyped writing

　　五言絕句 five-character quatrain

　　七言律詩 seven-character octave

　　重要文化遺產(chǎn)major cultural heritage

　　優(yōu)秀民間藝術(shù)outstanding folk arts

　　文物cultural relics

　　中國結(jié) Chinese knot

　　旗袍Cheongsam

　　中山裝Chinese tunic suit

　　唐裝traditional Chinese garments (clothing)，Tang suit

　　景泰藍cloisonné

　　朝廷使者 royal court envoy

　　文人 men of letters

　　雅士 refined scholars

　　表演藝術(shù)performing art

　　現(xiàn)代流行藝術(shù)popular art, pop art

　　純藝術(shù)high art

　　高雅藝術(shù)refined art

　　電影藝術(shù)cinematographic art

　　戲劇藝術(shù)theatrical art

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　　生 (男性正面角色) male (the positive male role)

　　旦 (女性正面角色) female (the positive female role)

　　凈 (性格鮮明的男性配角) a supporting male role with striking character

　　丑 (幽默滑稽或反面角色) a clown or a negative role

　　花臉painted role

　　歌舞喜劇musical

　　滑稽場面, 搞笑小噱頭shtick

　　滑稽短劇skit

　　京劇人物臉譜Peking Opera Mask

　　皮影戲 shadow play; leather-silhouette show

　　說書 story-telling

　　疊羅漢 make a human pyramid

　　折子戲 opera highlights

　　踩高蹺stilt walk

　　啞劇 pantomime; mime

　　啞劇演員 pantomimist

　　戲劇小品 skit

　　馬戲circus show

　　單口相聲monologue comic talk, standup comedy

　　特技表演stunt

　　相聲witty dialogue comedy, comic cross talk

　　雜技 acrobatics

　　京韻大鼓the traditional story-telling in Beijing dialect with drum accompaniment

　　秦腔shaanxi opera

　　篆刻sealcutting

　　工藝, 手藝 workmanship / craftsmanship

　　卷軸scroll

　　蠟染batik

　　泥人 clay figure

　　漆畫lacquer painting

　　唐三彩Trio-colored glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty

　　文房四寶The four stationery treasures of the Chinese study --- a writing brush, an ink stick, an ink stone and paper

　　民間傳說 folklores

　　寓言fable

　　傳說 legend

　　神話mythology

　　古為今用,洋為中用make the past serve the present and the foreign serve china 賦詩inscribe a poem

　　對對聯(lián)matching an antithetical couplet

　　陽歷Solar calendar

　　公歷Gregorian calendar

　　陰歷Lunar calendar

　　天干heavenly stem

　　地支earthly branch

　　閏年leap year

　　二十四節(jié)氣the twenty-four solar terms

　　十二生肖zodiac

　　本命年 one's year of birth considered in relation to the 12 Terrestrial Branches

　　傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日traditional holidays

　　春節(jié) Spring Festival

　　元宵節(jié) Lantern Festival (15th day of the first lunar month)

　　清明節(jié) Pure Brightness Festival / Tomb-sweeping Day (April the 5th)

　　端午節(jié) Dragon Boat Festival (5th of the fifth lunar month)

　　中秋節(jié) Moon Festival / Mid-Autumn Day (15th of the eight lunar month)

　　重陽節(jié) Double Ninth Day / the Aged Day

　　秦始皇帝 First Emperor, Emperor Chin

　　皇太后 Empress Dowager

　　漢高祖劉邦founder of the Han Dynasty (206BC-220AD)

　　成吉思汗 Genghis Khan ; Temujin

　　才子佳人 gifted scholars and beautiful ladies

　　文明搖籃 cradle of civilization

　　夏朝 Xia Dynasty

　　明清兩代 (of) Ming and Qing dynasties

　　文明 Chinese civilization

　　文明搖籃 cradle of civilization

　　地名：特別注意四川和陜西拼法

　　四川 Sichuan, Szechwan, Szechuan

　　陝西　Shaanxi

　　古文明研究中心 Research Center for Ancient Civilizations

　　中外學(xué)者 Chinese and overseas scholars

　　考古學(xué)家 archaeologists

　　人類學(xué)家 anthropologist

　　歷史學(xué)家 historian

　　地理學(xué)家geographer