第二篇 “一帶一路”倡議
“一帶一路”倡議提出以來，許多國家都將其視為和中國合作的機(jī)會和平臺。但是也有批評認(rèn)為，中國的“一帶一路”所提供的的貸款，加大了例如斯里蘭卡等國的債務(wù)，使他們無力償還。 但是一帶一路倡議實(shí)施僅僅五年，中國是國際投融資市場的后來者。中國公司走出去，在國外投資也有限。
Many countries see the BRI as an opportunity and a platform for closer cooperation with China. One criticism that people have raised is the idea of debt. The idea that many of the loans or the investments involved loans from China to the countries like Sri Lanka may make them take on too much debt and they won't be able to fund them. China is a latecomer in international investment and financing markets. It's just been five years since the BRI was put forward. And it hasn't been that many years since Chinese companies started to explore the global market.
根據(jù)斯里蘭卡中央銀行的統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)，2017年中國的貸款僅占斯里蘭卡外債的10%左右，其中 60%是低于國際市場利率的優(yōu)惠貸款。因此，很明顯，斯里蘭卡外債負(fù)擔(dān)，并不是中國的責(zé)任。實(shí)際上債務(wù)有很多因素構(gòu)成，包括一個國家的歷史舊賬、國際經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境的變化，包括儲備貨幣上漲、其他國家利率上調(diào)、大宗商品價格的下降等。
According to the 2017 annual report issued by its central bank, Sri Lanka's total foreign debt is over US$50 billion. China only accounts for about 10%. Plus, over 60% of Chinese loans are concessional loans, with an interest rate much lower than the international level. The cause for debt is complicated and involves many factors, including economic fundamentals, historical debt baggage, or changing international and economic environment like rising protectionism, interest rates hike in some advanced economies, appreciation of major reserve currencies as well as plummeting commodity prices.
斯里蘭卡的港口建設(shè)，實(shí)際上是斯里蘭卡邀請中方進(jìn)行的。斯里蘭卡一直希望打造全球性的物流和倉儲中心，但是因?yàn)閮?nèi)亂和戰(zhàn)爭， 始終沒有如愿。如今斯里蘭卡局勢穩(wěn)定，因此希望中國參與建設(shè)。一開始中國企業(yè)不了解當(dāng)?shù)鼐謩荩灿泻芏嗒q豫，最后經(jīng)過大量研究、探討，雙方終于達(dá)成共識，組建合資企業(yè)，股權(quán)共有。 但是我要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是，港口的主權(quán)和所有權(quán)都屬于斯里蘭卡，建設(shè)完成后，如果斯里蘭卡覺得有必要，可以購回股權(quán)。
About the Hambantota port, the project was built and run at the request of the Sri Lankan side. For years, Sri Lanka had hoped to make good use of its geographical location and build the country into a logistic and warehouse hub in the Indian ocean. In the past, because of civil war and conflict, they were unable to do so. Now the situation is stable, to build an international port is back on their agenda. And they looked for help from China. The idea of the operation right also came from the Sri Lankan side. The Chinese company was hesitant at first because they were not familiar with such situation. After careful studies and rounds of consultation and negotiation, the Chinese company overcame difficulties and reached agreement with the Sri Lankan side to set up two joint ventures, and had acquired corresponding stakes. I want to stress that the sovereignty over and ownership of the Hambantota port belong to Sri Lanka throughout the process. When it is done, if it so needs, Sri Lanka can repurchase part of or all stakes from the Chinese company until it takes it all back.
也有人將“一帶一路”與馬歇爾計劃相比較�！耙粠б宦贰迸c馬歇爾計劃有相似之處，它們都是在和平時期促進(jìn)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施發(fā)展的倡議。但是“一帶一路”與馬歇爾計劃存在本質(zhì)區(qū)別。首先一帶一路”比“馬歇爾計劃”既古老得多，又年輕得多。說古老，是因?yàn)椤耙粠б宦贰眰鞒兄哂袃汕Ф嗄隁v史的古代絲綢之路精神，是古代絲綢之路精神的現(xiàn)代版本。說年輕，是因?yàn)椤耙粠б宦贰闭Q生于全球化時代，是開放合作的產(chǎn)物，不是地緣政治的工具，不同于馬歇爾計劃，因?yàn)樗Q生于冷戰(zhàn)期間，是美蘇爭霸的產(chǎn)物。其次，“一帶一路”重在強(qiáng)調(diào)不同國家間的相互交流和互聯(lián)互通。
Some compare the Belt and Road Initiative to the Marshall plan. It may appear that the two initiatives have something in common, as they are both about investment in infrastructure in peacetime. But other than that, they cannot be more different. First, time-line wise, the Belt and Road Initiative ( BRI ) is older and also younger than the Marshall Plan. Older because it draws inspiration from the spirit of the ancient Silk Road with over 2000 years of history, hence the modern version of the Silk Road. It is younger than the Marshall plan, because it was conceived in the 21st century, an era of globalization, and born out of opening-up and cooperation. Secondly, the Marshall Plan was introduced during the Cold War dominated by rivalry between the United States and the former Soviet Union. Therefore it had clear geopolitical and ideological goals. The BRI, on the other hand, focuses on economic cooperation and connectivity.
題目來源：2018年9月10日外交部副部長樂玉成接受英國《金融時報》亞洲版總編吉密歐專訪就“一帶一路”倡議有關(guān)問題闡述了中方政策立場
