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　　After nearly a year of emotional arguments in Congress but no new federal laws, the national debate over the future of human cloning has shifted to the states. Six states have already banned cloning in one form or another, and this year alone 38 anticloning measures were introduced in 22 states.

　　The resulting patchwork of laws, people on all sides of the issue say, complicates a nationwide picture already clouded by scientific and ethical questions over whether and how to restrict cloning or to ban it altogether.

　　Since 1997, when scientists announced the birth of Dolly the sheep, the first cloned mammal, the specter of cloned babies, infants that are in essence genetic carbon copies of adults, has loomed large in the public psyche and in the minds of lawmakers.

　　Today, there is widespread agreement that cloning for reproduction is unsafe and should be banned. Now, the debate has shifted away from the ethics of baby-making and toward the morality of cloning embryos for their cells and tissues, which might be used to treat diseases. The controversy pits religious conservatives and abortion opponents, who regard embryos as nascent human life, against patients groups, scientists and the biotechnology industry.

　　【參考譯文】

　　關(guān)于克隆人，國(guó)會(huì)經(jīng)過(guò)近一年的激烈爭(zhēng)論，卻沒(méi)有制定出新的聯(lián)邦法律，這種爭(zhēng)論現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)移到各州。6個(gè)州已經(jīng)以各種形式禁止克隆人，而僅是今年就有22個(gè)州出臺(tái)了38項(xiàng)反對(duì)克隆人的舉措。對(duì)于克隆是加以限制，還是完全禁止，又該如何進(jìn)行，科學(xué)和倫理上已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了一些問(wèn)題，各方人士都認(rèn)為出臺(tái)的一系列法案使這個(gè)令全國(guó)上下惶惶不安的問(wèn)題變得更為復(fù)雜。1997年科學(xué)家宣布第一個(gè)克隆的哺乳動(dòng)物多利羊誕生，自此以后，可能出現(xiàn)的克隆嬰兒，即從根本上說(shuō)是成人基因的翻版的嬰兒，在立法者和公眾心理上造成極大的陰影。今天人們普遍認(rèn)為利用克隆繁衍后代存在危險(xiǎn)，應(yīng)當(dāng)予以禁止。這場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)論最初是關(guān)于制造嬰兒是否有悖倫理，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)向克隆胚胎來(lái)利用其細(xì)胞和組織治療疾病是否道德。宗教保守主義者和反對(duì)墮胎者認(rèn)為胚胎是早期的生命形式，在這場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)論中，他們與病人、科學(xué)家和生物科技行業(yè)各執(zhí)一詞，針?shù)h相對(duì)。

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