2019年翻譯資格考試英語口譯高級模擬題：英國人熱衷創(chuàng)業(yè)
漢譯英
英國人熱衷創(chuàng)業(yè)
一項(xiàng)國際調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，去年，全球最富裕國家大多出現(xiàn)了初創(chuàng)企業(yè)數(shù)量下降的趨勢，但英國人卻創(chuàng)業(yè)熱情高漲。
《全球創(chuàng)業(yè)觀察》(Global Entrepreneurship Monitor)發(fā)現(xiàn)，在美國，創(chuàng)業(yè)者占成年人口的比例從12.4%降至10%，加拿大從9.3%降至7.1%，法國則從5.4%降至4.4%。《全球創(chuàng)業(yè)觀察》是全球最全面的有關(guān)早期創(chuàng)業(yè)活動的研究報告。
《全球創(chuàng)業(yè)觀察》報告作者、倫敦商學(xué)院(London Business School)的麗貝卡o哈丁(Rebecca Harding)表示，在英國有一股創(chuàng)業(yè)熱潮，人們甚至將其稱為"新型搖滾"。
盡管英國創(chuàng)業(yè)者占成年人口的比例低于北美或中國和印度等新興經(jīng)濟(jì)體，但仍高于歐洲其它國家。
哈丁表示："我認(rèn)為我們現(xiàn)在還不夠’搖滾’，但相比很多國家，我們已經(jīng)很’搖滾’了。"
年輕人的創(chuàng)業(yè)熱情很高。盡管多數(shù)初創(chuàng)企業(yè)都是由35歲至44歲的人創(chuàng)辦的，但在18歲至24歲的年輕人中，逾64%的人認(rèn)為創(chuàng)業(yè)是一個不錯的職業(yè)選擇，80%的人認(rèn)為企業(yè)家擁有較高的社會地位。
哈丁表示，英國潛在的創(chuàng)業(yè)者們長期以來一直因?yàn)閼峙率《共讲磺啊５度騽?chuàng)業(yè)觀察》發(fā)現(xiàn)，這種擔(dān)心可能毫無根據(jù)。
在英國，93%的初創(chuàng)企業(yè)發(fā)展成為知名企業(yè)。這表明，多數(shù)初創(chuàng)企業(yè)都存活了下來。
在美國，僅有一半的知名企業(yè)為初創(chuàng)企業(yè)。
英國小企業(yè)聯(lián)合會(Federation of Small Businesses)的西蒙o布里奧特(Simon Briault)表示，阻礙創(chuàng)業(yè)活動的主要障礙是政府繁雜的手續(xù)，而非市場不確定性。他表示："由于需要另外考慮薪資、稅收、醫(yī)療、安全和聘用規(guī)定等問題，人們害怕聘用人才。"
英國創(chuàng)業(yè)者似乎不懼怕創(chuàng)新�！度騽�(chuàng)業(yè)觀察》發(fā)現(xiàn)，英國創(chuàng)業(yè)者對問世不到一年的新技術(shù)的利用率與美國大致相同。
在英國，女性創(chuàng)業(yè)率是男性的一半。這一性別差距比美國和德國都要大。
然而，《全球創(chuàng)業(yè)觀察》發(fā)現(xiàn)，過去一年，英國多數(shù)地區(qū)的女性創(chuàng)業(yè)活動都相當(dāng)穩(wěn)定。
Aurora首席執(zhí)行官格倫達(dá)o斯通(Glenda Stone)表示，女性創(chuàng)業(yè)通常較為容易，因?yàn)樗齻冎杏懈嗳舜粼诩抑�，或者做兼職工作。Aurora是一個由2萬多女性創(chuàng)業(yè)者組成的網(wǎng)絡(luò)。
然而，最近的利率上調(diào)和人事政策變動(大公司正試圖讓工作女性更為舒適)，意味著2007年選擇創(chuàng)業(yè)的女性數(shù)量將減少。
她表示："我想，人們現(xiàn)在更加有點(diǎn)兒猶豫不決了。"
參考譯文
Enthusiasm for entrepreneurship last year helped the UK to buck the trend for falls in the number of start-ups in the world’s richest countries, an international survey has found.
The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, the most comprehensive study of early-stage start-up activity, found the proportion of adults creating businesses dropped from 12.4 per cent to 10 per cent in the US, 9.3 per cent to 7.1 per cent in Canada and 5.4 per cent to 4.4 per cent in France.
In the UK, however, the decline - from 6.2 per cent to 5.8 per cent - was considered statistically insignificant.
There is a buzz about entrepreneurship in the UK that has led some to call it the new rock’n’roll, according to Rebecca Harding, the GEM report’s author at London Business School.
The proportion of adults starting businesses in the UK is higher than other European countries al- though it remains less than in north America or emerging economies, such as China and India.
"I don’t think we are rocking and rolling as much as we need to, but we have more rocking and rolling going on than many other countries," Ms Harding said.
Young people are enthusiastic about entrepreneurship. Although most start-ups are created by people aged between 35 and 44, more than 64 per cent of 18- to 24-year-olds think entrepreneurship is a good career choice and 80 per cent think that entrepreneurs have a high status in society.
Fear of failure has long held back would-be British entrepreneurs, according to Ms Harding. But GEM found such concerns could be unfounded.
The proportion of people running established businesses in the UK is 93 per cent of the start-up rate, showing that most ventures survive.
In the US, there are barely half as many established companies as there are start-up businesses.
Simon Briault, of the Federation of Small Businesses, said red tape rather than market uncertainties was the main barrier to enterprise. "There is a fear of employing people because of the extra considerations about payroll, tax, health and safety and employment rules," he said.
UK entrepreneurs do not seem to fear innovation. GEM found that they were about as likely to use a technology that was less than a year old as people in the US.
Women are half as likely as men to be involved in start-ups in the UK - a wider gender gap than in the US and Germany.
But GEM found female entrepreneurship was reasonably constant in most UK regions during the past year.
Glenda Stone, chief executive of Aurora, a network of more than 20,000 female entrepreneurs, said it was often easier for women to start a business because more of them were based at home or worked part-time.
However, recent rises in interest rates and changes in the personnel policies that would see large companies trying to be more accommodating to working mothers would mean that fewer women chose to start up a business during 2007.
"I think people are a bit more nervous right now," she said.
