翻譯資格考試高級(jí)口譯練習(xí)題：李克強(qiáng)同國(guó)際工商企業(yè)界代表對(duì)話(huà)交流實(shí)錄

　　李克強(qiáng)在2018年夏季達(dá)沃斯論壇開(kāi)幕式發(fā)表特別致辭后回答問(wèn)題以及同國(guó)際工商企業(yè)界代表對(duì)話(huà)交流實(shí)錄

　　Transcript of Premier Li Keqiang’s Dialogue with WEF Chief and International Business Leaders at the Annual Meeting of the New Champions 2018

　　2018年9月19日，國(guó)務(wù)院總理李克強(qiáng)在天津梅江會(huì)展中心出席2018年夏季達(dá)沃斯論壇開(kāi)幕式并發(fā)表特別致辭后，回答了世界經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇主席施瓦布的提問(wèn)。9月20日，李克強(qiáng)在天津梅江會(huì)展中心同出席2018年夏季達(dá)沃斯論壇的國(guó)際工商企業(yè)界代表對(duì)話(huà)交流。有關(guān)問(wèn)答和對(duì)話(huà)交流實(shí)錄如下：

　　On 19 September 2018, following his address at the Opening Ceremony of the Annual Meeting of the New Champions 2018 held in Tianjin, Premier Li Keqiang of the State Council took a question from Executive Chairman of the World Economic Forum Klaus Schwab. On 20 September, Premier Li sat down for a dialogue with representatives of international business leaders attending the Annual Meeting. Below is a transcript of these interactions:

　　施瓦布：尊敬的李總理，感謝您剛才全面細(xì)致地向我們介紹了中國(guó)政府的政策與目標(biāo)。我相信在座的中外嘉賓都和我一樣，從您的講話(huà)中獲得了很多重要的信息。我們知道中國(guó)正在深入推進(jìn)改革開(kāi)放。我的問(wèn)題是關(guān)于中國(guó)的信貸和融資問(wèn)題，還有去杠桿化。可能在座很多人和我一樣對(duì)此都有一些關(guān)切，想聽(tīng)一聽(tīng)您對(duì)這些問(wèn)題怎么看。

　　Professor Schwab: Premier Li Keqiang, thank you for this very comprehensive presentation of your government’s policy. I also feel there are many messages in your speech which are certainly reassuring for foreign and Chinese leaders present here. I want to thank you for taking the time to develop in such a detailed way your policies and your intentions. You developed a concept on how China will keep up reform and opening-up. Now many of the business leaders are concerned about the credit situation and the financial situation, the financial risk of the country, particularly related to the issue of deleveraging. What is your response here?

　　李克強(qiáng)：中國(guó)的宏觀杠桿率在世界上比較而言雖然不算低，但并不是最高的。這其中有一個(gè)重要原因，就是中國(guó)的儲(chǔ)蓄率比較高，同時(shí)直接融資渠道還沒(méi)有比較流暢地打通，這是客觀因素。

　　另一方面，中國(guó)的杠桿率在過(guò)去一些年確實(shí)上升得比較快。為了長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展，近年來(lái)我們采取了穩(wěn)杠桿的措施，可以說(shuō)今年上半年杠桿率增幅是在下降的。我們講結(jié)構(gòu)性地去杠桿，是因?yàn)榈拇_在有一些方面杠桿率偏高了，從最近的數(shù)據(jù)看這些方面的杠桿率也在穩(wěn)中有降的過(guò)程當(dāng)中。

　　Premier Li Keqiang: True, China’s macro leverage ratio is not low by global standards, but it’s not the highest either. An important objective factor is the high savings rate in China and the lack of smooth channels of direct financing. The past few years have indeed seen a relatively fast increase in China’s leverage ratio. To ensure sustainable development in the long run, we have taken measures to stabilize the leverage ratio, which has led to a moderating increase in leverage in the first half of this year. The deleveraging we pursue is structural in nature, as the leverage ratio has become quite high in some sectors. Recent statistics have indicated the beginning of its downward trajectory in these sectors.

　　但同時(shí)，我們也發(fā)現(xiàn)，有一些企業(yè)，特別是小微企業(yè)碰到融資難、融資貴的問(wèn)題。我們正采取一系列措施來(lái)推動(dòng)解決特別是小微企業(yè)的融資難問(wèn)題。我們還要拓展直接融資的渠道，培育可以發(fā)展直接融資的資本市場(chǎng)。比如最近我們發(fā)現(xiàn)一些方面對(duì)創(chuàng)投基金采取的征稅措施不當(dāng)，國(guó)務(wù)院及時(shí)采取措施予以制止，我們鼓勵(lì)創(chuàng)投發(fā)展，讓直接融資有更多的渠道。

　　At the same time, though, we have taken note of the difficulties facing businesses, particularly micro and small businesses, in accessing affordable financing. We have endeavored to address this scarcity by rolling out a host of measures targeting micro and small businesses. We will also expand channels of direct financing by fostering the capital markets. For example, when we discovered inappropriate tax levies on venture capital funds recently, the State Council took swift steps to rescind these levies. We encourage the development of venture capital funds, which will offer more channels for direct financing.

　　天下事有利就有弊，古人曾經(jīng)說(shuō)過(guò)，魚(yú)和熊掌不可得兼。我們走到今天，我們就是想讓魚(yú)和熊掌盡可能得兼。我們知道這是一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)，這在考驗(yàn)我們的智慧，我們也希望在座的各位，各方的有識(shí)之士給我們提供智慧。我們的目標(biāo)是要堅(jiān)定不移地實(shí)現(xiàn)的，雖然會(huì)有曲折。

　　Everything has both upsides and downsides. As an ancient adage cautions, one cannot have both the fish and bear’s paw, which essentially means that many decisions entail difficult trade-offs. The reason we have gone thus far is that we have made enormous efforts to minimize the trade-offs and achieve simultaneous progress of sometimes conflictual objectives. Continuing to do so would be a challenge and a test of our wisdom. We do hope distinguished guests present and insightful people around the world will contribute wisdom to us in meeting the challenges. The journey ahead may be tortuous, our goals will be achieved through steadfast efforts.

　　挪威奧克拉集團(tuán)主席斯坦·埃里克·哈根：在中美貿(mào)易摩擦的背景下，歐美日等發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家開(kāi)始了雙邊自貿(mào)區(qū)的談判。以WTO為主的全球現(xiàn)有貿(mào)易治理體系面臨極大挑戰(zhàn)。請(qǐng)問(wèn)中國(guó)政府如何應(yīng)對(duì)這一變化，并將采取什么措施維護(hù)中國(guó)的世界貿(mào)易大國(guó)地位?

　　Stein Eric Hagen, Chairman of Orkla: My name is Stein Eric Hagen. I’m from Orkla, Norway. Mr. Premier, under the context of China-US trade frictions, a lot of countries such as Europe, the United States and Japan have started negotiations on bilateral free trade zones. The global trade governance system based on the WTO is facing great challenges. How does the Chinese government respond to this change and what measures will be taken to safeguard China’s status as a global trade power? Thank you.

　　李克強(qiáng)：首先，我認(rèn)為雙邊和多邊貿(mào)易談判是兩個(gè)“輪子”，互為補(bǔ)充。發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家之間進(jìn)行自由貿(mào)易的談判由來(lái)已久，發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家也同一些發(fā)展中國(guó)家進(jìn)行自由貿(mào)易談判。中國(guó)作為一個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家，我們也同一些國(guó)家進(jìn)行雙邊的自由貿(mào)易談判。只要是符合全球化趨勢(shì)、符合自由貿(mào)易的基本規(guī)則，中國(guó)始終抱著歡迎的態(tài)度，而且愿意看到積極的成果。

　　Premier Li: Bilateral and multilateral trade talks are like two wheels, which should be complementary. It has been a long tradition of developed countries to engage in trade negotiations among themselves. They also have free trade talks with some developing countries. China, though being a developing country, has also been involved in bilateral FTA negotiations with some countries. We welcome any trade negotiations and wish them well so long as they are consistent with the trend of globalization and the basic principle of free trade.

　　但是，在當(dāng)前形勢(shì)下，我們也不能忽視，國(guó)際上的確存在著貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義抬頭的問(wèn)題，存在著多邊貿(mào)易規(guī)則的基礎(chǔ)受到一定動(dòng)搖的問(wèn)題。我們認(rèn)為多邊貿(mào)易規(guī)則是世界絕大多數(shù)國(guó)家共同協(xié)商并履行多年的，這個(gè)規(guī)則的基礎(chǔ)就是要維護(hù)自由貿(mào)易。不論什么樣的雙邊貿(mào)易談判，都應(yīng)該維護(hù)多邊貿(mào)易的最基本規(guī)則。

　　Having said that, we cannot ignore the rising trend of protectionism in the world today, which has eroded the foundations of the multilateral trading regime. As we see it, the multilateral trading rules were negotiated and have been followed by the overwhelming majority of countries for many years. And at the heart of these rules is the principle of free trade. Bilateral trade negotiations in whatever form should serve to uphold this fundamental principle.

　　人類(lèi)最近幾十年來(lái)可以說(shuō)在物質(zhì)成就上取得了巨大的、長(zhǎng)足的進(jìn)步，很大程度上得益于一個(gè)和平的國(guó)際環(huán)境、一個(gè)自由貿(mào)易的基本規(guī)則。我們?cè)谶@個(gè)世界上共同生存，應(yīng)當(dāng)共同維護(hù)應(yīng)遵守的理念規(guī)則。如果為了少數(shù)人的利益去破壞多數(shù)人制定的規(guī)則，最終會(huì)損害所有人的利益，這是一個(gè)共存共生的世界。

　　In the last few decades, mankind has come a long way in creating material wealth. We owe this, to a large measure, to a peaceful international environment and to free trade. As we live on the same planet, we should all abide by common precepts and agreed rules. Any action, which only benefits a small group of people at the cost of undercutting the rules formulated by the majority, will only end up hurting the interests of all. Our world is, after all, one of coexistence and interdependence.

　　當(dāng)然，并不是說(shuō)現(xiàn)有的多邊貿(mào)易規(guī)則就不可以改進(jìn)了，不可以進(jìn)行改革了。在推進(jìn)全球化和自由貿(mào)易過(guò)程中，確實(shí)存在著這樣那樣的問(wèn)題，對(duì)此有些國(guó)家有抱怨，那么大家可以坐下來(lái)談。談，可以讓多邊貿(mào)易規(guī)則更加適合全球發(fā)展的需要，更加適合包容增長(zhǎng)的需要。談和改革都不是“另起爐灶”，而是應(yīng)該在原有的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)多邊貿(mào)易規(guī)則進(jìn)行完善。而且在這個(gè)過(guò)程中，我們要照顧各方的關(guān)切、利益，特別是要照顧發(fā)展中國(guó)家，尤其是最不發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家人民的利益。因?yàn)槿绻麡O端貧困的人口在這個(gè)世界上繼續(xù)成規(guī)模存在的話(huà)，這個(gè)世界也是很難安寧的。關(guān)于世貿(mào)組織規(guī)則的改革，中國(guó)持積極的態(tài)度。我們已經(jīng)同歐盟在今年的中國(guó)-歐盟領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會(huì)晤上達(dá)成共識(shí)，成立世貿(mào)組織改革聯(lián)合工作組。我們希望大家都來(lái)商量，大家的事大家商量著辦，大家都好。

　　I am not suggesting that the existing multilateral trading rules are above reform or improvement. In the process of globalization and free trade, problems of one kind or another have indeed cropped up and some countries may have complaints about them. In this case we need to sit down and discuss how to improve the multilateral trading rules to make them more responsive to the needs of world development and inclusive growth. Yet, this doesn’t mean that we should start all over again; what we need is to make improvements to the multilateral trade rules. In this process, we need to take care of the concerns and interests of all stakeholders, particularly those of developing countries and the least developed countries. The world can hardly be a tranquil place when a considerable number of people still live in abject poverty.

　　China takes a positive attitude toward reform of WTO rules. At this year’s China-EU Summit, the two sides agreed to set up a joint working group on WTO reform. When it comes to matters concerning all of us, the interests of all parties would be best served through discussions among all stakeholders.

　　各國(guó)是既要提高本國(guó)的發(fā)展水平，又要推進(jìn)公平，解決困難群體的問(wèn)題。世界也是同樣，既要保持世界經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇的勢(shì)頭，實(shí)現(xiàn)發(fā)展和繁榮，同時(shí)又要有利于縮小南北差距。

　　The task before all countries is to both promote development and improve fairness and equity by helping those in need. The international community as a whole needs to do the same: we need to sustain the momentum of global recovery and promote development and prosperity and at the same time endeavor to narrow the North-South gap.

　　伊盧米納公司首席執(zhí)行官杰伊·弗拉特利：中國(guó)金融領(lǐng)域的開(kāi)放近年來(lái)取得了一些突破，但金融行業(yè)的開(kāi)放程度依然較低。在華運(yùn)營(yíng)的外資金融機(jī)構(gòu)依然面臨諸多從業(yè)限制�？煞裾�(qǐng)您介紹一下中國(guó)金融開(kāi)放的時(shí)間表，以及可能給外國(guó)企業(yè)帶來(lái)的機(jī)遇?

　　Jay Flatley, Executive Chairman of Illumina: I was very pleased yesterday to hear your remarks about opening up the Chinese markets. In particular, you discussed the financial markets and there’s been tremendous progress over the last few years in China opening up the financial markets. Yet many barriers remain here, and so I would appreciate if you could discuss the timetable for the opening-up of the financial markets in China and what opportunities that may provide to foreign corporations.

　　李克強(qiáng)：今年是中國(guó)改革開(kāi)放40周年�；乜�40年來(lái)中國(guó)的開(kāi)放，我們自己和自己比，可以說(shuō)力度之大、程度之深超出當(dāng)年的預(yù)期，也超過(guò)一些國(guó)際朋友的預(yù)期。我們從中受益，我們會(huì)繼續(xù)擴(kuò)大開(kāi)放。

　　Premier Li: This year marks the 40th anniversary of China’s reform and opening-up. Compared with where we came from, the breadth and depth of China’s opening-up have gone far beyond our expectations, and those of our foreign friends. Since we have benefited from opening-up, we will only open wider to the world.

　　現(xiàn)在中國(guó)的確是貨物貿(mào)易的大國(guó)。我們也確實(shí)保持著貨物貿(mào)易的順差。當(dāng)然，這并不是我們所追求的，我們希望貿(mào)易平衡發(fā)展。但與此同時(shí)，中國(guó)的服務(wù)貿(mào)易是逆差，而且逆差在逐年地增大，這其中就包括金融。

　　China is now a big trader in goods. We do run a trade surplus in goods, but that’s not our intention. What we want is more balanced trade. At the same time, China is running a deficit in trade in services, which has continued to widen year by year, including in the financial services sector.

　　我們認(rèn)為，不管是順差還是逆差，在相當(dāng)大程度上是因?yàn)閲?guó)際分工和處在產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈不同位置造成的。我們不刻意地追求或回避。權(quán)衡利弊地看，是進(jìn)一步開(kāi)放服務(wù)業(yè)還是去追求減少服務(wù)業(yè)的逆差?我們的選擇是前者，即便服務(wù)貿(mào)易會(huì)繼續(xù)出現(xiàn)更大的逆差，中國(guó)也要堅(jiān)定不移地開(kāi)放服務(wù)業(yè)。因?yàn)殚_(kāi)放服務(wù)業(yè)最終會(huì)促進(jìn)我們的企業(yè)提高競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，長(zhǎng)期看是有利的，而且會(huì)給我們的消費(fèi)者帶來(lái)更多、更公平的選擇。

　　Be it trade surplus or trade deficit, I believe the state of a country’s trade balance is mainly the result of its role in the international division of labor and position in the international industrial chain. As we do not deliberately seek surpluses or avoid deficits, we need to carefully weigh our choices: should we open up the services sector even wider or try to reduce the trade deficit in services? We have opted for the former. China will be firmly committed to opening up the services sector, even if it means a bigger deficit. Although this will present a greater challenge for our regulatory capacity, at the end of the day, opening the services sector will boost the competitiveness of Chinese companies, which is beneficial in the long run, and will provide more choices and be fairer for Chinese consumers.

　　當(dāng)然，金融服務(wù)業(yè)是一個(gè)比較特殊的領(lǐng)域，它的開(kāi)放程度往往和一個(gè)國(guó)家的發(fā)展階段、經(jīng)濟(jì)水平、監(jiān)管程度相聯(lián)系。中國(guó)作為這樣一個(gè)大的世界經(jīng)濟(jì)體，保持金融穩(wěn)定，不僅對(duì)自己，對(duì)世界都是必要的。所以，我們既要下決心繼續(xù)開(kāi)放金融服務(wù)業(yè)，同時(shí)要有序地進(jìn)行推進(jìn)。

　　The financial sector is a special case in that the level of its openness is closely linked to the development stage, economic sophistication and regulatory capacity of a country. For a major economy like China, maintaining financial stability is crucial not only to ourselves, but also to the world. That is why we will both stay firmly committed to opening up the financial sector, and at the same time ensure orderly progress.

　　在未來(lái)幾年里，我們要進(jìn)一步開(kāi)放金融服務(wù)業(yè)�，F(xiàn)在我們對(duì)外資投資銀行已經(jīng)取消了股比限制，未來(lái)幾年我們?cè)诒ｋU(xiǎn)、證券方面也要推進(jìn)取消股比限制，有序推動(dòng)全牌照、全股比經(jīng)營(yíng)。當(dāng)然，它的一個(gè)重要前提是要符合資質(zhì)。在任何國(guó)家，從事金融業(yè)都需要資質(zhì)。但是我們?cè)敢饨o外資進(jìn)入中國(guó)金融業(yè)逐步實(shí)行準(zhǔn)入前國(guó)民待遇。我們正在做準(zhǔn)備工作，期待用3年時(shí)間，屆時(shí)有若干家符合條件的外國(guó)企業(yè)在中國(guó)擁有全股比、全牌照的金融經(jīng)營(yíng)資格。

　　Our goal going forward is to further open up the financial services sector. Just as we have removed foreign ownership caps in the banking sector, we plan to take similar steps in the insurance and securities sectors in the next few years and phase in full-license, full-ownership operation in an orderly way. Naturally, an important precondition for this would be qualifications, which is a must for financial service providers in any country.

　　That said, we are prepared to gradually introduce pre-establishment national treatment for foreign-invested companies in the financial sector. We are making preparations for such reforms. I hope in three years’ time, there will be a number of foreign ventures qualified for full-license, full-ownership operation in the financial sector.

　　日本三得利公司總裁新浪剛史：我們知道中國(guó)政府多年來(lái)一直在加強(qiáng)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的保護(hù)，但是還有一些公司認(rèn)為他們的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)受到了侵犯。在您看來(lái)，如何在制度和法律層面切實(shí)落實(shí)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)?在未來(lái)將有哪些具體的措施?

　　Takeshi Niinami, President of Suntory Holdings: While China has strengthened IPR protection over the years, there are still some companies facing IPR infringement. In your opinion, how to effectively protect IPR both institutionally and legislatively? What specific measures will be taken in the future?

　　李克強(qiáng)：你提的問(wèn)題的要害是在中國(guó)擴(kuò)大開(kāi)放、吸引外資的過(guò)程中要保護(hù)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)，這是中國(guó)一貫遵循的方針。這不僅是為了吸引外資，而且也是因?yàn)橹袊?guó)自身需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新發(fā)展。不保護(hù)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)，中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)、中國(guó)產(chǎn)業(yè)由中低端邁向中高端幾乎沒(méi)有可能，這是我們自身利益的需要，也符合國(guó)際規(guī)則。

　　Premier Li: In your question, you underscored the need for China to strengthen the protection of intellectual property rights (IPR) in the process of expanding reform and opening-up and attracting foreign investment. As a matter of fact, protecting IPR is our consistent policy. We are doing this not just for the sake of attracting foreign investment but also to serve our own needs of promoting innovation-driven development. Without proper IPR protection, it would be almost impossible for us to achieve economic transformation and upgrading and move from the medium-low to the medium-high level of industrial development. This is something we must do as it serves our own interests and conforms to international rules.

　　中國(guó)在不斷加大保護(hù)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的力度和懲罰侵權(quán)行為的力度。過(guò)去5年我們查辦的侵權(quán)案件就有140多萬(wàn)件，以后還會(huì)繼續(xù)加大懲罰的力度和罰金的倍數(shù)。要讓侵權(quán)的人一旦犯法終身難逃，讓他們?cè)谶@個(gè)領(lǐng)域，甚至在整個(gè)市場(chǎng)上難以立足。

　　While strengthening IPR protection, China has toughened punishment for acts of infringement. In the past 5 years, more than 1.4 million cases of infringement were investigated and handled. Going forward, we will mete out even more severe punishment and impose even bigger fines, so that violators will face crippling penalties and find it hard to survive in their business sectors and even in the whole marketplace.

　　我們當(dāng)初發(fā)展市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的時(shí)候就清楚地認(rèn)識(shí)到，產(chǎn)權(quán)是市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的基礎(chǔ)。現(xiàn)在我們發(fā)展創(chuàng)新型經(jīng)濟(jì)，知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)更是發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)，它必須成為全社會(huì)共同的理念。

　　When we started to develop the market economy, we understood that property rights are the very foundation of a market economy. Likewise, protecting IPR is fundamental to the development of our innovation-driven economy. Such an understanding must be the consensus of the whole society.

　　這個(gè)問(wèn)題我已經(jīng)說(shuō)過(guò)多次了，而且我在和很多外國(guó)企業(yè)家見(jiàn)面的時(shí)候都請(qǐng)他們提出來(lái)，有哪些被侵犯知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的案件可以直接向我提出來(lái)，或者向我們政府部門(mén)提出來(lái)。但是可能因?yàn)橛懈鞣N原因，他們?cè)诂F(xiàn)場(chǎng)沒(méi)有提。你剛才講了，在下面有聽(tīng)到一些反映，我希望你們大膽地說(shuō)出來(lái)。政府部門(mén)如果處理不當(dāng)，將會(huì)被問(wèn)責(zé)。這件事說(shuō)一尺不如行一寸。我希望，也相信你能看到，中國(guó)在保護(hù)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)問(wèn)題上正在不斷地采取更加嚴(yán)格的制度和有效的行動(dòng)。當(dāng)然，也要各方共同努力。

　　I have made this clear on many occasions. During meetings with foreign business leaders, I often ask them to report cases of IPR infringements directly to me or to the relevant departments. But for various reasons, they would normally not raise such issues during meetings with me. As you just pointed out, there are still some complaints in this area. I would again encourage all of you to speak up. Mishandling of complaints on the part of competent government departments would be dealt with.

　　On this matter, talking the talk is not as good as walking the walk. I hope and I trust that you can see China’s redoubled efforts to build a more rigorous and effective regime of IPR protection. Naturally, cooperation with various parties would be helpful.

　　當(dāng)然，公平、公正地進(jìn)行知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的交易，這是符合市場(chǎng)規(guī)則的，世界各國(guó)都有共同的理念。像去年中國(guó)有關(guān)企業(yè)支付的外國(guó)專(zhuān)利許可費(fèi)和技術(shù)使用費(fèi)在世界居前列，可能以后還會(huì)增加，但是我們絕不允許強(qiáng)制轉(zhuǎn)讓知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)。

　　On the other hand, just like other countries, we support fair and equitable IPR transactions based on market rules. Royalties for patents and technologies paid by Chinese companies to overseas proprietors ranked high in the world last year, and may increase further in the future. Forced IPR transfer will never be allowed in China.

　　日本國(guó)際航業(yè)集團(tuán)董事長(zhǎng)兼總裁吳文繡：我的問(wèn)題是，今年3月您在“兩會(huì)”上談到要進(jìn)一步減輕企業(yè)稅負(fù)。7月初，全國(guó)各市級(jí)國(guó)稅局、地稅局合并，標(biāo)志著國(guó)稅地稅征管體制改革順利向縱深推進(jìn)，這一舉措能夠促進(jìn)自由競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。未來(lái)中國(guó)政府還將出臺(tái)哪些措施來(lái)持續(xù)推進(jìn)稅收改革，切實(shí)降低企業(yè)負(fù)擔(dān)?

　　Sandra Wu, Chairperson and President of Kokusai Kogyo Co., Ltd: My question is about tax reform. During the “Two Sessions” in March, you mentioned further tax relief. And in early July, we witnessed the merge of state and local taxation bureaus, which strongly indicated smooth progress of China’s tax reform to promote free competition. And so in the future, what other measures will the Chinese government take to make sure this reform will move forward and lessen the burden on enterprises?

　　李克強(qiáng)：你對(duì)中國(guó)的情況比較了解。的確，在前幾年經(jīng)濟(jì)下行壓力比較大、而且財(cái)政收入下行的情況下，我們下決心實(shí)施了大規(guī)模的減稅，主要是取消了實(shí)施60年的營(yíng)業(yè)稅，對(duì)增值稅的稅率也進(jìn)行了調(diào)整，同時(shí)減輕中小企業(yè)的稅負(fù)，鼓勵(lì)企業(yè)研發(fā)，這些措施可以說(shuō)取得了效果。

　　Premier Li: You seem to know quite a lot about what is happening in China. A few years ago, faced with considerable downward pressure on the economy and declining fiscal revenues, the Chinese government made the decision to substantially cut taxes. We abolished the business tax that had been in place for sixty years and adjusted the value added tax (VAT) rate to reduce tax burdens on small and medium-sized enterprises and encourage corporate R&D spending. These measures have paid off.

　　去年下半年到今年上半年，中國(guó)的稅收出現(xiàn)一定幅度的增長(zhǎng)，甚至超過(guò)GDP增速。這里我想說(shuō)明，這是因?yàn)橐欢螘r(shí)間以來(lái)，中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)中向好，今年上半年工業(yè)企業(yè)的利潤(rùn)超過(guò)15%，我們又推動(dòng)“放管服”改革，促進(jìn)新增企業(yè)大幅增長(zhǎng)，平均每月增加稅源約20萬(wàn)戶(hù)，這就出現(xiàn)了一段時(shí)間中國(guó)的稅收較快增長(zhǎng)的情況。但我們關(guān)注的重點(diǎn)是減稅的措施到位了沒(méi)有。

　　From the second half of last year to the first half of this year, tax revenues have increased notably and grown faster than GDP. This is mainly because of China’s steady economic performance, which has contributed to an over 15% increase in the profits of industrial companies in the first half of this year. What’s more, thanks to our reform of transforming government functions, our tax source has been expanding at a rate of 200,000 newly registered market entities every month. These factors have largely contributed to the fast increase in fiscal revenue. Given all this, our priority remains to ensure the effective delivery of tax reduction measures on the ground.

　　進(jìn)入下半年以來(lái)，中國(guó)從中央到地方的稅收都有比較大幅度的下行，其主要原因在于5月1日我們進(jìn)一步推出了增值稅和有關(guān)方面的減稅措施。

　　In the second half of this year, we are seeing significant decreases in both central and local government revenues as a result of further cuts in VAT and other taxes which became effective on 1 May.

　　下一步，面對(duì)錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的國(guó)際形勢(shì)和國(guó)內(nèi)發(fā)展面臨的困難挑戰(zhàn)，我們將要實(shí)施更大規(guī)模的減稅和更為明顯的降費(fèi)。增值稅的稅率還要繼續(xù)下降，個(gè)稅專(zhuān)項(xiàng)附加扣除要既公平又簡(jiǎn)便地抓緊落實(shí)到居民的身上，以增加他們的消費(fèi)能力。與此同時(shí)，稅務(wù)部門(mén)代征社保費(fèi)，這是一個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)和體制改革的措施，但是稅和費(fèi)是不同的兩個(gè)概念。我們現(xiàn)在要求的是在當(dāng)前的情況下確保社保費(fèi)現(xiàn)有征收政策穩(wěn)定，不得集中清欠。實(shí)行新的征管體制以后，收費(fèi)效率可能會(huì)增加，那與此同時(shí)，就必須明顯降低社保費(fèi)的費(fèi)率，其目的就是不但不能增加企業(yè)的負(fù)擔(dān)，還要減輕企業(yè)的負(fù)擔(dān)。政府要過(guò)緊日子，不能去為難企業(yè)，這樣才能讓人民過(guò)上好日子。

　　In view of the complicated international situation and internal challenges facing China’s development, we will enact more significant cuts in taxes and fees, including further lowering the VAT rate and implementing the personal income tax deduction scheme in a fair and expeditious way to boost household spending. As a further step of institutional reform, we will transfer the responsibility for collecting social security contributions to the taxation authorities. As taxes and contributions are two different levies, existing policies on the collection of contributions will remain unchanged for the time being, and forced payments of contributions arrears will not be allowed.

　　Given that the aforementioned institutional reform may lead to more efficient collection of social security contributions, we will consider meaningfully lowering the contribution rate, so that this reform will not add to business burdens, as this would be just the opposite of our intentions. The government should tighten its belt rather than shift the burdens onto businesses. Only in this way can we deliver a better life for our people.

　　在中國(guó)注冊(cè)的所有企業(yè)，不論是外資、民資，對(duì)各類(lèi)所有制企業(yè)，我們都一視同仁，簡(jiǎn)政、減稅、減費(fèi)的措施對(duì)你們是公平對(duì)待的，如果有不公平你們可以投訴。

　　Let me stress that all enterprises registered in China, be they foreign-invested, privately-invested or of any ownership types, will receive fair treatment in benefiting from administrative rollback and tax and fee cuts. If you encounter any case of unfair treatment, please feel free to file complaints.

　　美國(guó)Aura Biosciences首席執(zhí)行官伊麗莎白·德洛斯·皮諾斯·蓬特：近年來(lái)，中國(guó)政府陸續(xù)出臺(tái)了若干推動(dòng)創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)的指導(dǎo)意見(jiàn)，這表明了中國(guó)政府對(duì)創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動(dòng)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的高度重視。請(qǐng)問(wèn)有關(guān)推動(dòng)創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)工作的最新進(jìn)展如何?國(guó)際工商界應(yīng)如何更好地參與中國(guó)的創(chuàng)新趨勢(shì)，并為中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和轉(zhuǎn)型提供新動(dòng)能?

　　Elisabet de los Pinos, Founder and CEO of Aura Biosciences: The Chinese government has set out the guidelines for innovation and entrepreneurship, which lay out the importance of innovation in the development strategy. So we are interested to know what is the progress in these programs, and more importantly, how the international business community can better address and participate in this process.

　　李克強(qiáng)：中國(guó)推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，培育新的發(fā)展動(dòng)能，就要由創(chuàng)新來(lái)引導(dǎo)。這幾年來(lái)，中國(guó)政府在這方面做了大量的、實(shí)際的、有效的工作。比如我們推動(dòng)大眾創(chuàng)業(yè)萬(wàn)眾創(chuàng)新，實(shí)施簡(jiǎn)政放權(quán)等有關(guān)改革，促進(jìn)了新市場(chǎng)主體的大量誕生，由原來(lái)每天新注冊(cè)上千戶(hù)企業(yè)，到今年的8月份每天有1.8萬(wàn)家新注冊(cè)的企業(yè)誕生。中國(guó)已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)有1億以上市場(chǎng)主體的國(guó)家。

　　Premier Li: Innovation lies at the center of our efforts to promote economic development and foster new growth drivers. Over recent years, we have made enormous efforts in this area with effective results. For example, we have promoted the mass entrepreneurship and innovation campaign and introduced reform of government functions. These efforts have resulted in a surge of new market entities, with the number of companies registered on an average day increasing from over 1,000 to 18,000 in August this year. And the number of business entities in China has exceeded 100 million.

　　中國(guó)推動(dòng)大眾創(chuàng)業(yè)萬(wàn)眾創(chuàng)新，基于這樣一個(gè)理念，就是每個(gè)人都有創(chuàng)新的能力，都有創(chuàng)造的可能。如果13億多中國(guó)人、9億多勞動(dòng)力，每個(gè)人的創(chuàng)造熱情都能被調(diào)動(dòng)起來(lái)，可想而知，這個(gè)社會(huì)將會(huì)有多大的創(chuàng)造能力。這次論壇的主題是“在第四次工業(yè)革命中打造創(chuàng)新型社會(huì)”，我想創(chuàng)新型社會(huì)就是應(yīng)該調(diào)動(dòng)每個(gè)人創(chuàng)造的潛能。

　　The nationwide entrepreneurship and innovation drive in China originated from the belief that everyone has the capability and opportunity to make innovations. If each of the 1.3 billion Chinese and every member of our 900-million-strong labor force can be incentivized to innovate, we can well imagine how powerful this wave of innovation will be. To quote the theme of this year’s Annual Meeting, “Shaping Innovative Societies in the Fourth Industrial Revolution”, I believe an innovative society is one which taps into the creativity of every individual.

　　第二，創(chuàng)新就應(yīng)該給每個(gè)人以創(chuàng)新的平等機(jī)會(huì)。我們采取一系列“放管服”的措施，就是要讓每個(gè)人都有平等的機(jī)會(huì)去創(chuàng)新，這會(huì)改變?cè)S許多多人的命運(yùn)。我們說(shuō)的效率和公平，在這個(gè)方面就可以比較充分地體現(xiàn)出來(lái)。

　　Second, in promoting innovation, we need to create equal opportunities for every individual. We are advancing the reform to streamline administration, delegate powers, strengthen compliance oversight and improve government services. All these are aimed to allow every individual an equal opportunity to make innovations, which will help to make a big difference in the lives of many and to better achieve efficiency and fairness.

　　第三，創(chuàng)新是全球性的，它是在全球化大背景下的創(chuàng)新。中國(guó)愿意以開(kāi)放的心態(tài)去面向世界，也希望在座的各位，希望外國(guó)的企業(yè)家、科學(xué)家，各方面的人士以開(kāi)放的心態(tài)來(lái)參與中國(guó)的發(fā)展，這實(shí)際上是共同推進(jìn)人類(lèi)的發(fā)展和進(jìn)步。我再次重申，我們一定會(huì)嚴(yán)格地保護(hù)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)，創(chuàng)新是要有創(chuàng)新思維的，是有知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的。

　　Third, innovation is taking place against the backdrop of globalization. As China embraces the world with open arms, we also welcome entrepreneurs, scientists and people in other sectors around the world to participate in China’s development with an open mind, so that together, we can make joint contributions to the progress of humanity. Let me reassure you that China is firmly committed to protecting IPR, as we know that innovation is supported by ideas, which generates property rights.

　　你們來(lái)到中國(guó)，中國(guó)會(huì)有大量的、甚至億萬(wàn)的創(chuàng)新者和你們同行。我們的“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+”集眾智、匯眾力已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)普遍的現(xiàn)象。也相信你們的創(chuàng)新火花會(huì)和中國(guó)的創(chuàng)新者們碰撞。你們作為企業(yè)家，可以獲得經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，相信也都有事業(yè)的追求。歡迎你們?cè)谥袊?guó)創(chuàng)新競(jìng)爭(zhēng)當(dāng)中實(shí)現(xiàn)你們事業(yè)追求的目標(biāo)。

　　Here in China, you will see that hundreds of millions of people have pooled their wisdom and strengths to engage in innovation empowered by the Internet Plus model. I believe that your interactions with innovators in China will give rise to brilliant new inspirations. As entrepreneurs, you need to make profits, but I trust you also have your own career goals to pursue. I hope that your participation in China’s innovation drive will help realize your goals.