Vitamin, mineral and multivitamin supplements aren't likely to protect you from cancer, heart disease or overall mortality, the US Preventive Services Task Force said in updated guidelines released Tuesday in the journal JAMA.

美國預(yù)防醫(yī)學(xué)工作組在6月21日發(fā)表在《美國醫(yī)學(xué)會雜志》上的新指南中寫道，維生素、礦物質(zhì)和復(fù)合維生素補(bǔ)充劑無法保護(hù)你不患癌癥、心臟病，也不能幫你延長壽命。

Since its last recommendation in 2014, the task force reviewed 84 studies testing vitamins in almost 700,000 people, including 52 new studies on the topic.

繼2014年發(fā)布上一則指南后，美國預(yù)防醫(yī)學(xué)工作組回顧了84項測試維生素的研究，這些研究涵蓋了近70萬人，其中包括52項新研究。

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Yet the conclusion remained the same as that of 2014: If you are a healthy, nonpregnant adult, there is "insufficient evidence" of any benefits to extending one's life in taking vitamin E, vitamin D, calcium, vitamin A, beta carotene, vitamin B3, vitamin B6, vitamin C and selenium.

然而，這一次的結(jié)論與2014年的結(jié)論一致：如果你是沒有懷孕的健康成年人，沒有足夠的證據(jù)顯示，服用維生素E、維生素D、鈣片、維生素A、胡蘿卜素、維生素B3、維生素B6、維生素C和硒補(bǔ)充劑對延長壽命有益。

However, there is enough evidence to recommend against the use of beta carotene supplements to prevent cardiovascular disease or cancer "because of a possible increased risk of mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and lung cancer," the task force said.

與此同時，美國預(yù)防醫(yī)學(xué)工作組不建議人們服用胡蘿卜素補(bǔ)充劑來預(yù)防心血管疾病或癌癥，充分的證據(jù)顯示，服用胡蘿卜素“可能會增加死亡風(fēng)險、心血管病病死率和肺癌風(fēng)險”。

Nor should people take vitamin E "because it probably has no net benefit in reducing mortality, cardiovascular disease, or cancer," the task force said.

美國預(yù)防醫(yī)學(xué)工作組稱，人們也不應(yīng)該服用維生素E，“因為維生素E很可能無益于降低死亡率、心血管病或癌癥風(fēng)險”。

"Lifestyle counseling to prevent chronic diseases in patients should continue to focus on evidence-based approaches, including balanced diets that are high in fruits and vegetables and physical activity," said Dr. Jeffrey Linder, chief of general internal medicine at Northwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine in Chicago, in an accompanying editorial.

美國芝加哥西北大學(xué)范伯格醫(yī)學(xué)院普通內(nèi)科學(xué)主任杰弗里·林德博士在附加評論中寫道：“預(yù)防慢性病的生活方式建議應(yīng)繼續(xù)關(guān)注有據(jù)可循的方法，包括富含水果、蔬菜等的平衡膳食。”

Take, for example, the Mediterranean diet. Eating the Mediterranean way, which focuses on a plant-based diet, physical activity and social engagement, can reduce the risk for high cholesterol, dementia, memory loss, depression and breast cancer, numerous studies found.

Meals from the sunny Mediterranean region have also been linked to weight loss, stronger bones, a healthier heart and longer life.

以地中海飲食為例。眾多研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，地中海飲食以植物性膳食為主，注重身體活動和社交應(yīng)酬，可降低患高膽固醇、癡呆、記憶力減退、抑郁和乳腺癌的風(fēng)險。陽光充足的地中海地區(qū)飲食還與減肥、更強(qiáng)壯的骨骼、更健康的心臟和更長的壽命有關(guān)。

Another evidence-based intervention: the DASH diet, which stands for "dietary approaches to stop hypertension." The diet successfully reduces high blood pressure, studies have shown. Both the Mediterranean and DASH diets avoid processed foods and focus on fruits, vegetables, beans, whole grains, nuts and seeds.

另一個基于實證的介入方法是得舒飲食法，據(jù)稱這是“防止高血壓的飲食法”。多項研究表明，這種飲食法可成功降低高血壓。地中海飲食和得舒飲食法都避免攝入加工食品，主要吃水果、蔬菜、豆類、全谷物、堅果和種子。

"Rather than focusing money, time, and attention on supplements, it would be better to emphasize lower-risk, higher-benefit activities ... following a healthful diet, getting exercise, maintaining a healthy weight, and avoiding smoking," Linder and his colleagues wrote.

和他的同事寫道：“與其把金錢、時間和精力花在服用補(bǔ)充劑上，不如去從事風(fēng)險低、獲益高的活動……堅持健康飲食、定期鍛煉身體、保持健康體重、盡量不吸煙。”

There are some populations who do need certain vitamins. Some seniors may need additional supplementation of vitamin B12 and B6 as absorption of those vitamins from food fades as we age. Because the elderly often get less sun than younger ages, they may need additional vitamin D, but levels should be checked by a doctor, as too much D can be harmful.

不過，某些人群確實需要服用特定維生素。有些老年人可能需要補(bǔ)充維生素B12和維生素B6，因為隨著年齡增大，他們從食物中吸收的這些維生素會減少。由于老年人往往曬太陽比年輕人少，他們可能需要補(bǔ)充維生素D，但是用量必須遵醫(yī)囑，因為攝入過量維生素D可能對身體有害。

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