今年是我國MTI(翻譯碩士，Master of Translation and Interpreting，縮寫MTI)設立10周年，對外經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易大學國際語言服務與管理研究所副所長、碩士研究生導師，中國翻譯協(xié)會本地化服務委員會副主任崔啟亮從去年6月份開始，在全國范圍內(nèi)牽頭發(fā)起了一項“MTI教育與就業(yè)調查”，并于今年7月正式推出《全國翻譯碩士專業(yè)學位研究生教育與就業(yè)調查報告》。報告通過大量一手數(shù)據(jù)，展現(xiàn)了一個真實的MTI教育與就業(yè)情況。
調研數(shù)據(jù)顯示，在MTI畢業(yè)生的就業(yè)去向與翻譯相關性上，40%的畢業(yè)生工作與翻譯有點相關;30%工作與翻譯不相關;29%與翻譯相關;1%不確定。在沒有找翻譯相關工作的受訪者中，32%的畢業(yè)生找工作的時候，沒有看到合適的翻譯相關工作;21%表示翻譯行業(yè)混亂，大部分翻譯公司規(guī)模小、待遇差;16%認為，自己的翻譯能力達不到職業(yè)翻譯的技能要求;16%的受訪者認為，從長遠考慮，專職譯員職業(yè)發(fā)展有局限性;11%認為專職譯員工作枯燥，不喜歡;4%因為其他原因沒有選擇畢業(yè)后從事翻譯相關工作。
為什么很多人沒有成為譯員?目前來看，人們對國內(nèi)口筆譯員的“錢景”和“前景”的看法都不太明朗，應該是一個很重要的原因。甚至一直有人擔心，隨著技術的發(fā)展，有朝一日，譯員的工作會被機器代替。真的是這樣嗎?今天，Yee君就帶大家來了解一下美國口筆譯員的“錢景”和“前景”。
Pay
薪資水平
The median annual wage for interpreters and translators was $46,120 in May 2016. The median wage is the wage at which half the workers in an occupation earned more than that amount and half earned less. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $25,370, and the highest 10 percent earned more than $83,010.
2016年5月，譯員年薪的中位數(shù)是46120美元(約合人民幣30.2萬元)。薪資中位數(shù)指從事某個職業(yè)的員工有半數(shù)人的薪資超過該水平，另外一半的薪資則低于該水平。薪資排在后10%的譯員年薪不到25370美元(約合人民幣16.7萬元)，排在前10%的年薪至少為83010美元(約合人民幣54.5萬元)。
In May 2016, the median annual wages for interpreters and translators in the top industries in which they worked were as follows:
2016年5月，從事以下行業(yè)的譯員年薪中位數(shù)排名較靠前：
Wages depend on the language, specialty, skill, experience, education, and certification of the interpreter or translator, as well as on the type of employer. Wages of interpreters and translators vary widely. Interpreters and translators who know languages that are in high demand or that relatively few people can translate often earn higher wages. Those who perform services requiring a high level of skill, such as conference interpreters, also receive higher pay.
決定譯員薪資的因素包括語種、專長、技能、經(jīng)驗、教育背景、譯員資格證書和雇主類型。不同譯員的薪資也各不相同。如果某語種的翻譯需求量高，或是極少有人能夠翻譯的，那么這種情況下譯員的薪資一般會更高。如會議口譯員這種對翻譯水平有較高要求的譯員也會得到更高的報酬。
Self-employed interpreters usually charge per hour. Half-day or full-day rates are also common.
自由譯員通常按小時計費，按半天或全天收費的情況也很普遍。
Self-employed interpreters and translators often have variable work schedules, which may include periods of limited work and periods of additional, irregular hours. Most interpreters and translators work full time during regular business hours.
自由譯員的工作日程一般靈活多變，其中可能包括有限工作時段和額外的不定時工作時段。大多數(shù)譯員是在正常工作時間內(nèi)全職工作。
Job Prospects
就業(yè)前景
Employment of interpreters and translators is projected to grow 29 percent from 2014 to 2024, much faster than the average for all occupations. Employment growth reflects increasing globalization and a more diverse U.S. population, which is expected to require more interpreters and translators.
預計2014年-2024年，譯員就業(yè)率將增長29%，遠高于其他行業(yè)的平均值。譯員就業(yè)率的上漲反映了全球化的加速以及美國人種更富多樣化的趨勢，由此對譯員的需求量增加。
Demand will likely remain strong for translators of frequently translated languages, such as French, German, Portuguese, Russian, and Spanish. Demand also should be strong for translators of Arabic and other Middle Eastern languages and for the principal Asian languages: Chinese, Japanese, Hindi, and Korean.
對于法語、德語、葡萄牙語、俄語、西班牙語等常見翻譯語種的譯員來說，市場需求可能會保持強勁勢頭。阿拉伯語和其他中東語言以及中文、日語、印度語、韓語等主要亞洲語言譯員的市場需求也會很大。
Demand for American Sign Language interpreters is expected to grow rapidly, driven by the increasing use of video relay services, which allow people to conduct online video calls and use a sign language interpreter.
由于視頻中繼服務使用量的增加，預計美國手語譯員的需求量將會大增。視頻中繼服務可以幫助人們進行在線視頻通話，還可以利用手語譯員進行在線翻譯。
In addition, growing international trade and broadening global ties should require more interpreters and translators. The ongoing need for military and national security interpreters and translators should result in more jobs as well. Emerging markets in Asia and Africa are expected to increase the need for translation and interpreting in languages spoken on those continents.
此外，國際貿(mào)易的發(fā)展以及全球交流范圍的擴大也需要更多的譯員。市場對于軍事與國家安全領域譯員的不斷需求也將催生出許多新崗位。亞洲與非洲新興市場也將擴大對本地所需語種譯員的需求。
Computers have made the work of translators and localization specialists more efficient. However, these jobs cannot be entirely automated, because computers cannot yet produce work comparable to the work that human translators do in most cases.
計算機促使譯員和本地化專家的工作更為高效。然而，這些工作并不能完全實現(xiàn)自動化，因為多數(shù)情況下，在翻譯質量方面計算機還無法與譯員相媲美。
Job prospects should be best for those who have at least a bachelor’s degree and for those who have professional certification. Those with a master’s degree in interpreting and/or translation also should have an advantage.
學位在本科及以上，或擁有專業(yè)證書的人群就業(yè)前景最好。已獲得口譯及/或筆譯碩士學位的人群也同樣具有優(yōu)勢。
In addition, urban areas—especially Washington, DC; New York; San Francisco; and Los Angeles—should continue to provide the largest numbers of jobs, especially for interpreters.
此外，華盛頓特區(qū)、紐約、舊金山、洛杉磯等城市地區(qū)的就業(yè)機會最多，特別是對口譯員而言。
Job prospects for interpreters and translators should also vary by specialty and language. For example, interpreters and translators of Spanish should have good job prospects because of expected increases in the population of Spanish speakers in the United States. Similarly, job opportunities should be plentiful for interpreters and translators specializing in healthcare and law, because of the critical need for all parties to fully understand the information communicated in those fields.
譯員的就業(yè)前景也因專業(yè)和語言而異。比如，西班牙語譯員的就業(yè)前景良好，因為預計美國的西班牙語人士將不斷增加。同樣，專業(yè)從事醫(yī)療和法律領域的譯員將擁有充足的就業(yè)機會，因為社會各界都迫切需要充分了解這些領域所交流的信息。
In addition, there should be many job opportunities for specialists in localization, driven by the globalization of business and the expansion of the Internet.
此外，隨著商業(yè)的全球化和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的普及，本地化專家也會有很多的就業(yè)機會。
Interpreters for the deaf will continue to have favorable employment prospects because there are relatively few people with the needed skills.
以失聰人士為服務對象的口譯員仍將面對良好的就業(yè)前景，因為掌握此種技能的人數(shù)相對較少。
Employment projections data for interpreters and translators, 2014-24
2014年-2024年譯員就業(yè)情況預測
(數(shù)據(jù)來源：美國勞工統(tǒng)計局)
來源：美國勞工統(tǒng)計局官網(wǎng)
編譯：阿貍、Janet、朝朝
