中國的改革發(fā)端于農(nóng)村，目的在于調節(jié)農(nóng)民和土地之間的關系。1978年以前，數(shù)億中國人還在為溫飽問題發(fā)愁。經(jīng)過40年的發(fā)展,中國有7億多農(nóng)村貧困人口實現(xiàn)脫貧。這不僅為全面建設小康社會奠定了堅實的基礎，而且為全人類的減貧和發(fā)展事業(yè)作出了巨大貢獻。

　　China’s reform and opening up originated in rural areas with adjustment of the relationship between farmers and land. Before 1978, hundreds of millions of Chinese people were struggling to meet their basic daily needs. After 40 years of development, more than 700 million people in rural areas of China were lifted out of poverty. This not only laid a solid foundation for China to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects, but also made great contributions to poverty alleviation and development for all mankind.

　　1978年，安徽鳳陽小崗村的18戶農(nóng)民走出了農(nóng)村改革的第一步，破除了計劃經(jīng)濟體制諸多束縛，實行以家庭聯(lián)產(chǎn)承包責任制為基礎的家庭經(jīng)營。農(nóng)民得以承包土地，自由進行農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)，這使農(nóng)民以巨大的熱情投入到農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)之中。

　　In 1978, farmers from 18 households in Xiaogang Village of Fengyang County, Anhui Province took the lead in China’s rural reform. By breaking up the people’s commune system, removing many of the constraints of the planned economy and implementing the household responsibility system, farmers received contracted land they could freely decide what to grow, which greatly stimulated their enthusiasm for agricultural production.

　　農(nóng)村改革為國家下一步發(fā)展奠定了良好基礎。1978年到1985年，農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟體制改革帶來的深刻變化極大促進了經(jīng)濟增長，貧困人口大量減少。按照當時的標準，那一時期50%的農(nóng)村貧困人口實現(xiàn)了溫飽。按2011年的標準，那一時期超1億人實現(xiàn)了脫貧。1986年到1993年，通過開發(fā)式扶貧，農(nóng)村貧困人口從1.25億人減少到8000萬人。

　　Rural reform laid a solid foundation for the country’s development in the next stage. From 1978 to 1985, the profound reform of China’s rural economic system provided a strong impetus for unconventional economic growth and dramatic reduction of the poverty-stricken population. According the standards at that time, 50 percent of the rural population in poverty met their basic needs during this period. And even according to the poverty alleviation standards updated in 2011, more than 100 million rural people were lifted out of poverty during the period. The rural poor population reduced from 125m to 80m through development-oriented poverty relief efforts in a period of eight years from 1986 to 1993.

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