Passage 1
預(yù)計到2020年，全國60歲以上老年人口將增加到2.55億人左右，占總?cè)丝诒戎靥嵘?7.8%左右;高齡老年人將增加到2900萬人左右，獨居老人將增加到1.18億人左右。涉老法規(guī)政策系統(tǒng)性、協(xié)調(diào)性、針對性、可操作性有待增強;城鄉(xiāng)區(qū)域老齡事業(yè)發(fā)展和養(yǎng)老體系建設(shè)不均衡問題突出;養(yǎng)老服務(wù)有效供給不足，質(zhì)量效益不高，人才隊伍短缺。
規(guī)劃提出目標(biāo)，到2020年，老齡事業(yè)發(fā)展整體水平明顯提升，養(yǎng)老體系更加健全完善。社會保險、社會福利、社會救助等社會保障制度和公益慈善事業(yè)有效銜接，老年人的基本生活、基本醫(yī)療、基本照護等需求得到切實保障。老齡事業(yè)發(fā)展和養(yǎng)老體系建設(shè)的法治化、信息化、標(biāo)準化、規(guī)范化程度明顯提高。市場活力和社會創(chuàng)造力得到充分激發(fā)，養(yǎng)老服務(wù)和產(chǎn)品供給主體更加多元、內(nèi)容更加豐富、質(zhì)量更加優(yōu)良，以信用為核心的新型市場監(jiān)管機制建立完善。老年人合法權(quán)益得到有效保護，老年人參與社會發(fā)展的條件持續(xù)改善。
【參考譯文】China is expected to see an increase in the number of elderly people aged over 60 years to around 255 million by 2020, raising its percentage of the total population to about 17.8%; the older population will rise to about 29 million, and the number of seniors living alone will jump to about 118 million. The regulations and policies relating to the elderly people need to be more systematic, coordinated, relevant and feasible; the development of undertakings for the aged and the construction of old-age service systems in urban and rural areas experience prominent imbalance; the elderly care service is plagued by the shortage of effective supply, low quality and effectiveness, and manpower shortage.
The goal is laid out in the Plan that by 2020 overall development level of the aging cause will see a significant enhancement, and the old-age service systems will become improved and perfected. Social security systems such as social insurance, social welfare, and social assistance are effectively linked to charitable causes to effectively guarantee the needs of the elderly people for basic livelihood, basic medical care, and basic care. The development of aging cause and construction of old-age service systems demonstrate obvious improvement in legalization, informationization, standardization and normalization. Market vitality and social creativity have been fully stimulated. The services and products for the elderly people have more diversified suppliers, more abundant content, and better quality. A credit-centered new market regulatory mechanism has been well-established. The elderly people have received solid protection on their legitimate rights and interests, and have been provided with continuously improved conditions for them to be part of social development.
Passage 2
(原文、譯文改編自《英語世界》2019.05月刊，完整度和真題相比仍有差距，歡迎大家繼續(xù)補充~)
中國的改革發(fā)端于農(nóng)村，目的在于調(diào)節(jié)農(nóng)民和土地之間的關(guān)系。1978年之前，數(shù)億中國人還在為溫飽問題發(fā)愁，如今，經(jīng)過40年的發(fā)展,中國有7億多農(nóng)村貧困人口實現(xiàn)脫貧。從1978年至1985年，農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟體制的深刻變革，為農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟的增長和貧困人口的大幅減少提供了強勁動力。按當(dāng)時標(biāo)準，有50%未解決溫飽的農(nóng)村人口在這期間解決了溫飽問題。按現(xiàn)在的扶貧標(biāo)準，有超過1億農(nóng)村人口在這期間擺脫了貧困。這不僅為全面建設(shè)小康社會打下了堅實的基礎(chǔ)，而且為全人類的扶貧和發(fā)展做出了巨大貢獻。
1978年，安徽鳳陽縣小崗村的18戶農(nóng)民走出了中國農(nóng)村改革的第一步。破除了計劃經(jīng)濟體制的諸多束縛，實行以家庭聯(lián)產(chǎn)承包責(zé)任制為基礎(chǔ)的家庭經(jīng)營，獲得了可以自由耕種的承包土地，極大調(diào)動了生產(chǎn)積極性,使他們以巨大的熱情投入到農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)之中。
【參考譯文】China’s reform originated in rural areas with the purpose of adjusting the relationship between farmers and land. Before 1978, hundreds of millions of Chinese people were struggling to meet their basic daily needs. After 40 years of development, more than 700 million people in rural areas of China were lifted out of poverty. From 1978 to 1985, the profound reform of China’s rural economic system provided a strong impetus for economic growth and dramatic reduction of the poverty-stricken population. According to the standards at that time, 50 percent of the rural population in poverty met their basic needs during this period. And even according to the poverty alleviation standards at present, more than 100 million rural people were lifted out of poverty during the period. This not only laid a solid foundation for China to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects, but also made great contributions to poverty alleviation and development for all mankind.
In 1978, farmers from 18 households in Xiaogang Village of Fengyang County, Anhui Province took the first step of China’s rural reform. By removing many constraints of the planned economic system and conducting family management based on the household responsibility system, farmers received contracted land they could freely decide what to grow, which greatly stimulated their enthusiasm for agricultural production.
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