2018翻譯資格考試catti二級(jí)筆譯模擬試題：抗生素

　　漢譯英

　　強(qiáng)效抗生素的種類在世界范圍內(nèi)快速減少，許多傳染性疾病�？漆t(yī)生對(duì)此憂心忡忡，要求對(duì)使用抗生素嚴(yán)加監(jiān)管的呼聲也空前高漲。傳染性疾病�？漆t(yī)生很清楚，所有抗生素都有副作用，一種抗生素使用越頻繁、越廣泛，病菌對(duì)其產(chǎn)生抗藥性的幾率就越大。荷蘭對(duì)抗生素使用管理更為嚴(yán)格，病菌抗藥性要比美國低得多�，F(xiàn)在，荷蘭的一組研究人員認(rèn)為醫(yī)療工作者對(duì)濫用抗生素的反思還不夠深刻。

　　阿姆斯特丹學(xué)術(shù)研究中心的簡(jiǎn)﹒普林斯說，“作為醫(yī)生，我們一直都非常重視選擇抗生素時(shí)要對(duì)癥下藥，但是卻忽視了抗生素的合理治療療程�！逼樟炙贯t(yī)生和來自 9 家醫(yī)院的同事共同開展了小規(guī)模研究，研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在 6 月 10日這一期的《英國醫(yī)學(xué)雜志》上。研究結(jié)果顯示，即便是肺炎這種可致命性疾病，對(duì)有些患者而言，經(jīng)過 3 天的抗生素治療就可痊愈，并不需要按照慣例療程進(jìn)行 7 至 10 天的治療，這一研究結(jié)果備受爭(zhēng)議�！『商m研究人員對(duì) 186 名輕、中度肺炎患者的治愈率進(jìn)行了研究分析。所有患者最開始都接受了 3 天的阿莫西林靜脈注射治療。之后，對(duì)治療效果明顯改善的 119 名患者隨機(jī)分成兩組，一組繼續(xù)進(jìn)行為期 5 天的阿莫西林口服治療，另一組則服用安慰劑。在研究

　　結(jié)束前，患者和醫(yī)生都不清楚哪一組是比照組。在療程結(jié)束時(shí)，兩組中都有約 89%的患者獲得治愈，不再需要進(jìn)一步干預(yù)治療。約翰﹒保羅醫(yī)生是英格蘭布萊頓蘇塞克斯郡醫(yī)院的微生物學(xué)家。保羅醫(yī)生在為這項(xiàng)研究撰寫的評(píng)論中指出，研究結(jié)果“表明，至少對(duì)于一小部分無并發(fā)癥的社區(qū)獲得性肺炎患者而言，現(xiàn)行的 7 至 10 天的抗生素治療推薦療程應(yīng)予以修正。”　普林斯醫(yī)生是該項(xiàng)研究的帶頭人，他認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在談修正推薦療程為時(shí)尚早。他說，這項(xiàng)研究規(guī)模較小，作為研究對(duì)象的患者病情并不十分嚴(yán)重，在其他獨(dú)立研究得出類似結(jié)論之前，不應(yīng)急于修正臨床抗生素應(yīng)用推薦療程。

　　參考譯文：

　　The arsenal of antibiotics strong enough to squelch nasty bacteria is rapidly dwindling worldwide, which makes worried infectious-disease doctors more intent than ever that the drugs be deployed only when strictly needed.

　　These specialists know that every antibiotic carries its own risks, and that the more frequently and broadly a drug is used, the more likely it is that harmful microbes will develop tricks to sidestep it. But a team of researchers in the Netherlands, where a more selective use of antibiotics has led to much lower levels of resistant bacteria than are circulating in the United States, thinks the medical finger-waggers have not gone far enough.

　　"As doctors, we've paid a lot of attention to questions of which antibiotics we should use to treat what sorts of infections, but have focused much less on how long that treatment should last," said Dr. Jan Prins of the Academic Medical Center in Amsterdam. In a small but provocative study published in the June 10 issue of the British medical journal BMJ, Dr. Prins and colleagues from nine hospitals suggested that even some cases of pneumonia — a potentially life-threatening disease — could be treated with a three-day course of antibiotics, rather than the conventional 7- to 10-day treatment.

　　The Dutch study analyzed the cure rates of 186 adults who had been hospitalized with mild to moderately severe pneumonia. All received three days of intravenous amoxicillin to start. After that, the 119 who were showing substantial improvement were randomly divided into two groups; about half continued with another five-day course of oral amoxicillin, and the others got look-alike sugar pills. Neither the patients nor the doctors knew who was getting which treatment until the end of their participation in the study.

　　By the end of treatment, roughly 89 percent of the patients in each group were cured of their lung infections without further intervention. In a commentary accompanying the study, Dr. John Paul, a microbiologist at Sussex County Hospital in Brighton, England, writes that, at least for a subset of patients with uncomplicated, community-acquired pneumonia, the finding "suggests that current guidelines recommending 7-10 days should be revised." As lead investigator of the Dutch study, Dr. Prins was not ready to go quite that far. He cited the study's small size and the seriousness of the illness as a reason to wait until the finding is independently replicated before advising a wholesale change in practice.