2017年catti三級筆譯模擬試題：南北沖突

　　【英譯漢】

　　The North-South Conflict

　　The North-South conflict derives its name from the simple fact that, almost without exception, the wealthy nations of the world are in the Northern Hemisphere and the poorer nations lie to their south. Generally speaking, the North consists of the United States, Canada, Europe excluding Albania, Israel, Russia and the other newly independent former Soviet republics (although this is a matter of debate), Japan, South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand. The remaining states of the world, numbering over 110, are the South.

　　The South has been and is described by many terms - the Third World, the Developing World, and the Less Developed Countries (LDCs), to name just a few. Again speaking in general terms the countries of the South share two attributes: they have had a colonial past, dominated by European powers and they are poor.

　　Despite obtaining formal independence, many Developing World states have discovered to their chagrin that they remain economically and politically dependent on their former colonial masters. Trade ties and investment patterns established during decades of colonial rule were rarely terminated by the attainment of political sovereignty. From the viewpoint of Developing World countries, this economic dependence carried with it unavoidable political subservience. Thus, even though a Developing World state may have sought to establish its own political-economic independence, it could not.

　　Such a relationship between former colonial metropolises and their former colonies is termed neocolonialism. Although interpretations of neocolonialism differ on a case-by-case and region-by- region basis, a unifying thrust of the South is to escape this neocolonial relationship, In part, the Developing World's desire to escape political-economic dependency explains its hostility toward both the West and Western institutions such as the World Bank and multinational corporations. Developing states often resent the World Bank's insistence that they provide full disclosure of financial data, and having had numerous occasions to witness the linkage between economic strength and political power, governments of the less developed states often were skeptical of the claim promulgated by Western state actors and non-state actors alike that no political concessions would be sought if investment opportunities were awarded.

　　The South, then, was on the homs of a dilemma as it sought to achieve political-economic independence. Full political and economic independence could be achieved only if Developing World states could strengthen their economic autonomy. In most cases, however, that required increased reliance on external sources of finance and expertise. To many Developing World countries, such external economic reliance implied continued political dependence.

　　Above all else, Developing World counties see their plight of poverty and dependence as the result of past colonial exploitation and current economic inequities in international trade, pricing, and exchange mechanisms. As a result, the South seeks both expanded aid from the North and a restructuring of the existing international economic order. In short, the South desires a New International Economic Order (NIEO).

　　【參考答案】

　　南北沖突

　　世界上的富裕國家?guī)缀鯚o一例外都在北半球，而貧窮國家都在富裕國家的南面，“南北沖突”一詞由此得名。一般而言，北方國家主要包括美國、加拿大、除阿爾巴尼亞之外的歐洲各國、以色列、俄羅斯及從蘇聯(lián)獨立出來的其它共和國(雖然對這一點仍存在爭議)、日本、南非、澳大利亞和新西蘭。剩下的110多個國家都屬于南方國家。

　　對南方國家的稱謂很多——“第三世界”、“發(fā)展中世界”、“欠發(fā)達國家”等只是其中幾個。總體說來，南方國家有兩個共同的特征：它們都曾經(jīng)有過淪為歐洲列強殖民地的歷史，而且都很貧窮。

　　盡管獲得了獨立，很多發(fā)展中國家失望地發(fā)現(xiàn)，它們在經(jīng)濟、政治上卻仍然依附于原來的殖民者。在殖民統(tǒng)治時期建立起來的貿(mào)易關(guān)系和投資方式并沒有因為政治主權(quán)的獲得而終結(jié)。在發(fā)展中國家看來，這種經(jīng)濟上的依附將不可避免地導致它們在政治上的低聲下氣。因此，即使發(fā)展中國家嘗試去建立自己的政治經(jīng)濟體系，卻很難實現(xiàn)。

　　前殖民宗主國和殖民地之間的這種關(guān)系被稱為新殖民主義。雖然對新殖民主義的理解隨具體情況的變化和不同地區(qū)而有所不同，但所有南方國家的目標都是一致的，那就是脫離這種新殖民主義關(guān)系。

　　發(fā)展中國家這種擺脫政治·經(jīng)濟依附地位的愿望，在某種程度上也解釋了它們對西方國家以及諸如世界銀行、跨國公司一類的西方機構(gòu)所懷有的敵意。世界銀行堅持要各國向它提供所有的財政金融數(shù)據(jù)，發(fā)展中國家對此極為不滿。由于一國經(jīng)濟實力的強弱常常與該國政治實力的強弱緊密相連，因此，盡管西方政府與非政府組織一再聲稱獲得投資機會并不意味著該國必須在政治上讓步，但是欠發(fā)達國家的政府通常對此表示懷疑。

　　于是，南方國家在尋求政治-經(jīng)濟獨立時就陷入了兩難的境地。一方面，要想獲得政治和經(jīng)濟上的完全獨立，發(fā)展中國家就必須增強自己的經(jīng)濟獨立。然而另一方面，在大多數(shù)情況下，要想達到這個目的，發(fā)展中國家對外來資金和技術(shù)的依賴程度就會進一步增加，而這種依賴對很多發(fā)展中國家來說又意味著政治上的繼續(xù)依附。

　　總而言之，發(fā)展中國家認為它們的貧窮處境和依附地位是由過去所受的殖民剝削以及現(xiàn)在在國際貿(mào)易、定價和交易機制方面的不平等所造成的。因此，南方國家既要尋求北方國家更多的援助，又要尋求對現(xiàn)有國際經(jīng)濟秩序的重組。一句話，南方國家希望能夠建立新的國際經(jīng)濟秩序。