2017年catti三級筆譯模擬試題：中日利益交匯點何在
【漢譯英】
中日利益交匯點1何在?
不可否認，在21世紀中日兩國戰(zhàn)略利益是存在新的交匯點的。
首先，共同對付非傳統(tǒng)威脅2是中日戰(zhàn)略利益的交匯點之一。隨著冷戰(zhàn)后國際形勢的發(fā)展，特別是“9·11”事件、非典疫情爆發(fā)以來3，對非傳統(tǒng)安全問題的關(guān)注明顯上升，共同對付非傳統(tǒng)威脅的戰(zhàn)略需要必將成為連接21世紀中日關(guān)系的強韌紐帶。
其次，在傳統(tǒng)安全方面加強合作也是中日戰(zhàn)略利益的一個重要交匯點。
在傳統(tǒng)安全方面，在中日雙方尚難以達到互信4的狀況下，就會特別關(guān)注對方的力量發(fā)展和如何使用這種力量的意圖。因此，中日兩國應(yīng)該以對等、正常、實事求是的心態(tài)來看待對方發(fā)展。在1998年簽署的中日《共同聲明》中，中國已同日本達成了建立“致力于和平與發(fā)展的友好合作的伙伴關(guān)系”的共識，5今后需要真正將這種伙伴關(guān)系落到實處。
第三，“中日不再戰(zhàn)”是兩國戰(zhàn)略利益的最根本的交匯點。
中日兩國是“一衣帶水”6的鄰邦，這不僅意味著合作起來很方便而且也意味著加害于對方也很方便7，特別是現(xiàn)代戰(zhàn)爭技術(shù)已經(jīng)使得受害方立即實施報復(fù)成為可能，如果我們兩大鄰國再爆發(fā)戰(zhàn)爭，其結(jié)果必定是“雙輸”。8在一定意義上或許可以說，“中日不再戰(zhàn)”是中日兩國戰(zhàn)略利益的“最大交匯點”。
政治是經(jīng)濟的集中表現(xiàn)。日本成為“經(jīng)濟大國”的現(xiàn)實必然要反映到政治上來。
日本走向“政治大國”9是國際格局多極化使然。但是，在日趨緊密的日美同盟之下，日本盡管有做“政治大國”的愿望，其外交在本質(zhì)上依然擺脫不了對美從屬的“中等國家外交”的境界。10當然，日美關(guān)系中既然有美對日控制的一面，就必然有日對美反控制的一面。11 20世紀90年代以來，日本通過參加聯(lián)合國維和活動，在不少“熱點”地區(qū)的沖突中發(fā)揮出自己的作用�？梢哉J為，日本對美獨立性的增強是日本走向“政治大國”的前提條件，從這個意義上說，美對日成為真正的“政治大國”是不會高興不會支持的，12因為這意味著日本會逐漸變得不那么“緊跟”，不那么聽話，甚至成為像某些歐洲國家那樣敢于頂撞美國13的國家。
然而，在國際社會看來，日本發(fā)揮政治大國的作用符合多極化發(fā)展趨勢。
一國的國家利益包括經(jīng)濟利益、安全利益、政治利益、社會利益籌，中日兩國的經(jīng)濟利益、安全利益、政治利益、社會利益等方面均存在著“利益交匯之處”。
鑒于中日兩國都把發(fā)展經(jīng)濟作為國家的首要任務(wù)，因此可以說經(jīng)濟利益也是中日國家利益交匯的基礎(chǔ)和核心，發(fā)展中日經(jīng)貿(mào)合作既符合中日兩國的利益，也符合經(jīng)濟全球化的潮流。
當今中國仍面臨著實現(xiàn)工業(yè)化的任務(wù)，那么，如何利用和借鑒日本的工業(yè)化技術(shù)和經(jīng)驗來加快中國工業(yè)化，就成為我國發(fā)展對日關(guān)系的根本利益所在。14而日本也需要從中國的快速經(jīng)濟增長和充滿活力的改革中獲益，這又成為日本發(fā)展對華關(guān)系的根本利益所在。
中日兩國有著各自的生產(chǎn)要素優(yōu)勢15，如勞動力、土地、技術(shù)、資金、管理等，發(fā)展中日經(jīng)濟合作可以促使兩國各自優(yōu)勢的活力競相迸發(fā)，這也是發(fā)展中日經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系的根本目的之所在。16
詞匯
1.強韌紐帶strong link
2.友好合作的伙伴關(guān)系friendly, cooperative partnership
3.戰(zhàn)略利益strategic interest
4.加害于do harm to
5.報復(fù)retaliation
6.多極化multi-polarization
7.日美同盟Japan-U.S. alliance
8.聯(lián)合國維和活動UN's peacekeeping activities
9.“熱點”地區(qū)hot spot
10.政治大國major political power
11.首要任務(wù)primary task
12.充滿活力的energetic
13.勞動力labor force
14.根本目的fundamental objective
注釋
1.“中日利益交匯點”指的是中日兩國之間的共同利益，既可直譯為joining points in( national) interests，也可意譯為mutual interests，2.“非傳統(tǒng)威脅”意為對國家安全的威脅，如只按字面意思直譯為non-traditional threats，讀者的理解可能會產(chǎn)生偏差，建議譯者加上security -詞，以使意思更為明確。
3.如果目標讀者非常熟悉“9.11”事件及“非典疫情爆發(fā)”的話，譯者可將其直譯為9·11(terrorist) attack和the outbreak of SARS;如果目標讀者對二者不熟悉的話，譯者可簡要地說明事件的性質(zhì)、發(fā)生的時間、地點等，以幫助讀者更好地理解文章的原意。
4.在翻譯“達到互信”這一詞組時，“達到”一詞既可譯為achieve，也可譯為establish。
5.漢語的詞序相對固定，常常先講明條件、時間、地點等，然后再講結(jié)果。而英語的詞序相對靈活，往往先講結(jié)果，再說明條件、時間等信息。譯者在處理這句話時可根據(jù)英語的行文習慣將“中國已同日本達成……共識”這一結(jié)果放在句首，然后再用定語從句等方式將“在1998年……《共同聲明》中”這部分譯出。
6.“一衣帶水”指像衣帶那樣窄的河流，用以形容雖有江河湖海相隔，但仍像隔一衣帶，極其相近，可譯為a(narrow)strip of water，本文強調(diào)中日兩國是近鄰的關(guān)系，譯者在處理這部分時，除直接說出separated only by a strip of water以外，還可以采用增詞法加上“近鄰(close neighbors)”二字，使文中所強調(diào)的意思更為明了。
7.這部分如果直譯為it is convenient to... and it is also convenient to的句式亦不為錯，缺點是稍嫌重復(fù)、累贅。較理想的翻譯方式是采用it is convenient either to... or...和it is convenient not only to... but also...的句式，顯得比較簡潔、流暢。
8.此句只是一種不希望成為現(xiàn)實的假設(shè)，應(yīng)使用虛擬語氣來處理。
9.“政治大國”一詞可譯為a major/big/great political power，political giant等。
10.此句與Note 6有一定的相似之處。漢語原文是條件在前，結(jié)果在后，而譯者在處理此句時可采用結(jié)果在前，條件在后的語序進行翻譯。
11.此句可以采用直譯的方法將原文的意思一一譯出，但還有一種更好的處理方式。英語習語there are two sides to every coin/every coin has two sides的含義與原文的本質(zhì)意義幾乎完全一致，如用這個習語來翻譯此句的話，則整句話不僅言簡意賅，而且給人以淋漓盡致的感覺。
12.處理此句時應(yīng)注意將“不會高興”與“不會支持”兩個不同的概念清楚地表達出來。
13.“頂撞美國”在文中的含義是與美國持不同意見，對美國所提出的要求或建議不予贊同或合作，譯者可以用say no to...這一詞組來表達。
14.此句的主語相對句中的其它成分而言比較長，如果機械地按原文順序?qū)⒋司渥g出的話，則整句話顯得頭重腳輕、很不平衡。建議譯者可改變原文的語序，用形式主語it的方式或…lie in…的句式譯出此句。
15.“生產(chǎn)要素優(yōu)勢”指的是生產(chǎn)要素方面的優(yōu)勢，譯者可用regarding，with regard to或in一類的介詞或介詞短語來處理。
16.文中最后一部分譯成獨立的句子，如This is also a fundamental objective...乜未嘗不可，但如果用非限制性定語從句…，which is also a fundamental objective來處理的話，整句話的結(jié)構(gòu)就會顯得更為緊湊、合理。
參考譯文
What Are the Mutual Interests that Link China and Japan?
There are some undeniable new links in the strategic interests of China and Japan in the 21st century.
First is dealing with non-traditional threats to security. With the development of the international situation since the end of the Cold War, in particular since the terrorist attacks in the United States on September 11, 2001, and the outbreak of SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) in 2003, there has been an obvious increase in awareness of non-traditional security threats. Jointly coping with the challenges/The strategic needs to jointly cope with the challenges posed by those threats will surely become a strong link in the relationship between China and Japan in the 21st century.
Second, enhancing cooperation in the field of traditional security is also a cornerstone of Sino-Japanese strategic interests.
With regard to traditional security, since mutual trust has not yet been achieved, both sides will be especially concerned with the other's growing power and how that power could be used.
Thus China and Japan should treat each other's development with an equal, normal and realistic attitude. Both countries have reached a consensus on establishing "a friendly cooperative partnership devoted to peace and development," which was demonstrated in their joint statement signed in 1998.What we need to do in the future is to realize this consensus.
Third, "no more war between China and Japan" is the most fundamental common ground linking the strategic interests of the two countries.
China and Japan are close neighbors separated only by a strip of water. This indicates that it is convenient either to cooperate with each other or do harm to each other. Modern military technology has made it absolutely certain that the one who does harm to the other will face immediate retaliation. If a war broke out between us two neighbors, there would be nothing else but a no-win consequence. Therefore, to some extent, "no more war between China and Japan" is the most basic joining point of strategic interests between the two countries.
Politics is a reflection of the economy. The fact that Japan is an economic giant will surely be reflected in politics.
Japan's becoming "a major political power" resulted from the trend of multi-polarization in the international structure. However, under the increasingly close Japan-US alliance, Japan's diplomatic clout has not gone beyond being a medium nation subordinate to the United States, despite its wish of becoming "a major political power".
Of course, there are two sides to every coin. Since the 1990s, by participating in the United Nations' peacekeeping activities, Japan has played its own part in many "hot spots" around the world. It can be argued that Japan's being independent of the United States is the pre-condition of its becoming "a major political power. " In this respect, the United States will not really be pleased with and supportive of Japan's ascension to {& a major political power" because this means Japan will no longer be so closely aligned with America, or like some European countries, will even dare to say no to the United States.
But from the viewpoint of the international community, Japan's role as a major political power is in line with the developing trend of multi-polarization.
National interests of a country include economic interests, security interests, political interests and social interests, etc. There are joining points in economic, security, political and social interests between China and Japan.
Since both China and Japan regard developing economy as the primary task of the nation, economic interests are at the core of their national interests. Developing Sino-Japanese economic and trade cooperation conforms to not only the interests of both countries but also the trend of economic globalization.
China is still faced with the task of realizing industrialization. Hence, the fundamental interests of China's relations with Japan lie in how to make use of and learn from Japan's technology and experience to accelerate China's industrialization. While on Japan's part, it is of fundamental interest to benefit from China's rapid economic growth and energetic reform.
China and Japan have their respective advantages regarding productive factors, such as labor forces, land, technology, capital and management. Developing Sino-Japanese economic cooperation can help activate the respective advantages of the two countries, which is also a fundamental objective in developing Sino-Japanese economic and trade relationship.
