2018.05翻譯資格考試英語一級筆譯試題(回憶整理版)

　　英譯漢

　　Diversity in publishing – stillhideously middle-class and white?

　　原文地址

　　https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/dec/09/diversity-publishing-new-faces#img-1

　　In December 2015, British publishingstood accused of woeful blindness to diversity, and not for the first time, after World Book Night (WBN) announced its titles, and none of the 15 books was by a writer of color. An apology was issued by organizers, but a wider malaise had already set in, and along with it, the troubling feeling that WBN’s oversight was less an isolated incident and more a recurring pattern of exclusion that stretched across the literary establishment.

　　A report on the state of the books industry had been published earlier that year which drew attention tohow intransigently white, middle-class and male it remained, from literary festivals and prizes to publications and personnel.

　　The industry has been announcing strategies for change since 2015. Publishing houses have rolled out paid internships, mentoring schemes and traineeships to attract socially under-represented and BAME(black, Asian, minority ethnic groups)applicants on an unprecedented scale, as well as creating opportunities for women to move into boardrooms.

　　To name few recent initiatives: Penguin Random House is offering interest-free rent loans to draw more applicants from outside London, and has set a company goal “for all new hires and the books we acquire to reflect UK society by 2025 in terms of social mobility, ethnicity, gender, disability, and sexuality”. Harper Collins is launching programs for BAME employees and those taking long-term parental leave, whileHachetteis encouraging diversity at an executive level in a mentoring scheme with board members.

　　Some schemes show promising signs. Penguin’s campaign, which connects aspiring writers from socially excluded communities to agents, editors and authors, ishelping to demystify these professions.

　　Margaret Busby, the writer and pioneering publisher, regards the endeavor for better representation in publishing as a struggle begun decades ago and still no closer to being won. Mainstream publishing, she says, is too institutionalized in its biases to be corrected by a few new authors or schemes.

　　In the1980s she helped to found Greater Access to Publishing, a group that campaigned to diversify the industry. An article she wrote in 1988 posed questions that are still being asked today, such as: “What are publishers doing to make their companies a more accurate reflection of their lists, readers and society?”

　　“What’s happening now is more initiatives,” Busby says. “But the problem can’t be solved with initiatives.”Margaret Busby believes the struggle for better representation in publishing is no closer to being won. (gocatti)

　　There is overwhelming agreement among excluded communitiesthat systemic change can only happen when inclusivity is filtered upwards. There is not yet gender parity on boards, even though women outnumber men in the industry; a lack of social diversity is one of its most stubborn problems.

　　漢譯英

　　中國商飛 http://www.comac.cc/gk/

　　官網(wǎng)翻譯地址 http://english.comac.cc/aboutus/introduction/

　　本公司是經(jīng)國務(wù)院批準(zhǔn)成立，由國家控股的有限責(zé)任公司。本公司重點實施國家大型飛機重大專項中大型客機項目，統(tǒng)籌干線飛機和支線飛機發(fā)展、實現(xiàn)我國民用飛機的產(chǎn)業(yè)化，主要從事民用飛機及相關(guān)產(chǎn)品的科研、生產(chǎn)、試驗試飛，從事民用飛機銷售及服務(wù)、租賃和運營等相關(guān)業(yè)務(wù)。

　　本公司按照現(xiàn)代企業(yè)制度組建和運營，重點加強飛機研發(fā)設(shè)計、總裝制造、市場營銷、客戶服務(wù)、適航取證和供應(yīng)商管理等能力，走市場化、集成化、產(chǎn)業(yè)化、國際化的發(fā)展道路，將全力打造更加安全、經(jīng)濟、舒適、環(huán)保的大型客機。

　　大型客機是一個國家工業(yè)、科技水平的綜合實力的集中體現(xiàn)。本公司作為世界民機大家庭的成員，將與客戶、合作伙伴攜手合作，致力于為客戶提供更加安全、經(jīng)濟、舒適、環(huán)保的民用飛機，使更多的人享受航空科技成果，使人類進入一個安全性水平更高、飛行風(fēng)險更低的新時代，一個“人與藍天和諧相處”的新時代。

　　參考譯文

　　We are a state-owned company formed with the approval of the State Council. Our company focuses on implementing large passenger aircraft programs in China. It is also mandated with the overall planning of developing trunk liner and regional jet programs and realizing the industrialization of civil aircraft in China. Our company is engaged in the research, manufacture and flight tests of civil aircraft and related products, as well as marketing, servicing, leasing and operations of civil aircraft.

　　This company is formed and operated according to the standards of modern enterprise system, and focusing on aircraft design, final assembly, manufacturing, marketing, customer service, airworthiness certification, and supplier management. We attach great importance to marketing, integration, industrialization and globalization. Thecompany endeavors to manufacture large passenger aircraft that are safer, cost-effective, comfortable and environment-friendly.

　　Large passenger aircraft is the embodiment the nation’s industrial and technological standing as well as the comprehensive power. As a member in the big family of world civil aircraft, we will work together with customers and cooperative partners to deliver safer, cost-effective, comfortable and environment-friendly civil aircraft, help more people benefit from the achievements of aviation science and technology, make human enter a new era with higher safety and lower risk in flight, i.e. a new era of "harmonious coexistence of men and blue sky”.

　　英漢審定

　　Algorithmic bias: a new fintech challenge

　　原文地址

　　https://qz.com/1121150/algorithmic-bias-a-new-fintech-challenge

　　注：出題人為題目需要對原文進行增改

　　It’s hard to make claim that technology hasn’t improved many facets of our everyday lives. Ordering lunch, calling a cab, and even managing your finances can be done instantly with a smart phone. The unique algorithms powering these applications have found a way to process information more effectively, replacing error-prone human judgement in the decision making process. Technology has seemingly reached a point where people blindly trust these unfamiliar algorithms to provide solutions to a range of problems both trivial and major. That dispassionate technology is weighing in on complex issues may not concern some, but a growing body of evidence suggests algorithms exhibit similar biases as humans.(翻譯中存在1處錯誤)

　　Instead of replacing flawed human intuition, these tools have been shown to reinforce some existing biases that afflict disadvantaged groups. This rings true in financial services where digital services continue to breach traditional banking strongholds. Despite improving the number of global unbanked by 5% between 2011 and 2014, the global gender gap in account ownership remained unchanged at 7% over the same 3 year period, according to the World Bank. The disparity widens to 9% in developing countries, as women often face disproportionately higher hurdles to financial independence.(翻譯中存在2處錯誤)

　　Part of the problem is that the complex mathematical models behind today’s algorithms aren’t all held to the same ethical standard. It happens that a large proportion of software development and oversight is done by men. Though perhaps unintentional, the potential for products to inadvertently adopt some bias or emotion increases.(翻譯中存在1處錯誤)

　　The algorithms behind online lenders, for instance, exhibit much of the same gender biases as traditional lenders. These new lending platforms are pulling in all kinds of alternative data such as purchase and browsing history, on top of conventional requirements of income, education, and residence, to determine borrower’s creditworthiness. Many of these determinants regularly favor men despite a growing body of research that proves women tend to save more and make more on-time loan payments.(翻譯中存在1處錯誤)

　　As a result, women entrepreneurs still receive fewer and smaller business loans with higher interests rates compared to men. This disparity in financing denies women an opportunity to make an equal contribution to economic growth.翻譯中存在2處錯誤

　　Of course, as finance and technology companies look to expand, it would be unwise to go on ignoring potential human biases. As women increase their role as financial decision makers, this rings particularly true: Today women in the United States exercise control over $11 trillion, or 39% of the country’s investable assets.

　　(翻譯中存在1處錯誤)

　　One possible solution would be to make these tools more transparent, though, for many fintech companies, moving to an open source model means losing their competitive advantage. In some cases, the tech has become so advanced that even the creators have trouble understanding the implications of a machine’s decisions, in which event women must play a greater role in the initial development process. Technology and software is often designed with a clear bias towards its male developers, therefore hiring women to lead product development teams would not necessarily help move the needle in the right direction.(翻譯中存在1處錯誤)

　　Although it’s still difficult to eliminate bias altogether, designing diverse organizations with various races and genders increases awareness of these harsh realities. In fact, a recent report from Credit Suisse suggests having women involved in the early stages of a project helps to limit bias and create more inclusive products. For one thing, they can help design products that take into account the distinct financial needs and preferences of women. Generally, digital financial services tend to neglect women’s tendency to save, invest in their children and family, and develop a business.(翻譯中存在1處錯誤)

　　Recognizing the problem is a start, and as women’s economic influence grows around the world, success will depend on inclusive technologies that meet this vast untapped market. In doing so, we can move to lower the presence of bias in modern technology and unlock the potential $12 trillion economic opportunity achieving gender equality could deliver.

　　1. 錯譯：取代決策中錯誤的人為判斷 改為：糾正人為決策中易失誤的地方(不確定)

　　2. 錯譯：無銀行賬戶的人數(shù)增加了5% 改為：減少

　　3. 錯譯：據(jù)世界銀行 改為：世界銀行的數(shù)據(jù)顯示(不確定)

　　4. 錯譯：大部分軟件開發(fā)和疏漏是由男性導(dǎo)致的 改為：因為多數(shù)開發(fā)和監(jiān)管軟件的是男性

　　5. 錯譯：忽略傳統(tǒng)借貸對收入教育住宅等的要求 改為：除了對收入等有要求外，還…(考察on top of )

　　6. 錯譯：結(jié)果 改為：因此(不確定)

　　7. 錯譯：否認了女性對經(jīng)濟增長做出同等貢獻的機會 改為：剝奪了…機會

　　8. 錯譯：并且掌握了美國可投資資產(chǎn)的39% 改為：也就是…39%

　　9. 錯譯：女性領(lǐng)導(dǎo)產(chǎn)品開發(fā)團隊能朝著正確的方向穿針引線 改為：未必能

　　10.錯譯：唯一的原因是 改為：其中一個原因是(考察for one thing)

　　漢英審定(不完整)

　　全面建成小康社會，全面深化改革，全面依法治國，全面從嚴(yán)治黨的戰(zhàn)略。創(chuàng)新協(xié)調(diào)綠色開放共享發(fā)展。

　　創(chuàng)新發(fā)展：把創(chuàng)新擺在國家發(fā)展全局的核心位置。

　　協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展：重點促進城鄉(xiāng)區(qū)域協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展，促進經(jīng)濟社會協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展，促進新型工業(yè)化、信息化、城鎮(zhèn)化、農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化同步發(fā)展，在增強國家硬實力的同時注重提升國家軟實力，不斷增強發(fā)展整體性。

　　綠色發(fā)展：堅持節(jié)約資源、保護環(huán)境的基本國策。

　　開放發(fā)展：牢固樹立并切實貫徹開放發(fā)展理念，堅定不移地走開放發(fā)展之路，著力發(fā)展更高層次的開放型經(jīng)濟，積極參與全球經(jīng)濟治理和公共產(chǎn)品供給，提高我國在全球經(jīng)濟治理中的制度性話語權(quán)，構(gòu)建廣泛的利益共同體。

　　共享發(fā)展：牢固樹立并切實貫徹共享發(fā)展理念，堅持發(fā)展為了人民、發(fā)展依靠人民、發(fā)展成果由人民共享，讓全體人民朝著共同富裕方向穩(wěn)步前進。

　　待審校英文譯文略