2019年翻譯資格筆譯高級(jí)考試模擬試題：愛(ài)爾蘭

　　漢譯英

　　愛(ài)爾蘭共和國(guó)是西歐的一個(gè)主權(quán)國(guó)家，其國(guó)土面積為愛(ài)爾蘭島的六分之五。愛(ài)爾蘭的首都和最大城市 是都柏林，該國(guó) 460 萬(wàn)人口中約三分之一居住在這座大都市。唯一與愛(ài)爾蘭在陸地上接壤的是英國(guó)的北愛(ài) 爾蘭。愛(ài)爾蘭是中央集權(quán)的議會(huì)制共和國(guó)，總統(tǒng)為國(guó)家元首，由選舉產(chǎn)生。愛(ài)爾蘭總理由議會(huì)下議院選出。 在愛(ài)爾蘭獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和隨后簽署的《英愛(ài)條約》之后，愛(ài)爾蘭于 1922 年脫離聯(lián)合王國(guó)獲得獨(dú)立。獨(dú)立 之初的愛(ài)爾蘭只是一塊(仍受英國(guó)控制的)自治領(lǐng)，在 1931 英國(guó)議會(huì)通過(guò)《威斯敏斯特條例》后，愛(ài)爾 蘭才獲得英國(guó)對(duì)其立法獨(dú)立的正式承認(rèn)。 1937 年愛(ài)爾蘭實(shí)施了一部新憲法，這部憲法規(guī)定該國(guó)的名稱為“愛(ài) 爾蘭”。在 1949 年，《愛(ài)爾蘭共和國(guó)法案 1948》獲得通過(guò)，愛(ài)爾蘭宣布成為一個(gè)共和國(guó)。 以人均 GDP 計(jì)算，愛(ài)爾蘭位居世界最富裕國(guó)家行列。1973 年，愛(ài)爾蘭通過(guò)了一系列自由經(jīng)濟(jì)政策， 這促進(jìn)了經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速增長(zhǎng)，同時(shí)社會(huì)不平等問(wèn)題加劇。1995 年到 2007 年，該國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)欣欣向榮。但其經(jīng)濟(jì) 良好態(tài)勢(shì)被 2008 年爆發(fā)的史無(wú)前例的金融危機(jī)所中斷，與此同時(shí)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)也遭受重挫。在 2011 年和 2013 年的《聯(lián)合國(guó)人類發(fā)展指數(shù)報(bào)告》中，愛(ài)爾蘭位列最發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家第七位。并且該國(guó)在 國(guó)家發(fā)展的其他幾個(gè)指標(biāo)方面表現(xiàn)突出，包括媒體自由、經(jīng)濟(jì)自由和公民自由方面。該國(guó)奉行不結(jié)盟的中立外交政策。 2011 年，愛(ài)爾蘭人口為 4588252 人，自 2006 年來(lái)增加了 8.2%。截止 2011 年，愛(ài)爾蘭的出生率為歐 盟最高(每千人每年出生 16 名嬰兒)。2012 年，愛(ài)爾蘭 35.1%的新生兒為未婚女性所生。在 2002 年到 2006 年這個(gè)階段，愛(ài)爾蘭每年人口增長(zhǎng)率超過(guò) 2%，這歸功于較高速度的自然人口增長(zhǎng)和移民。這個(gè)增長(zhǎng)率在 隨后的 2006 年到 2011 年這個(gè)階段稍微下降，此階段的人口年增長(zhǎng)率為 1.6%。在性別平等方面，愛(ài)爾蘭排名世界第五。在 2011 年，愛(ài)爾蘭被評(píng)為歐洲最慈善國(guó)家第一名，世界最 慈善國(guó)家第二名。在 1979 年以前，避孕措施在愛(ài)爾蘭是受到管制的，但羅馬天主教影響力的消退導(dǎo)致了 愛(ài)爾蘭社會(huì)越來(lái)越世俗化。1983 年，第八修正案承認(rèn)了“未出生的嬰兒的生命權(quán)”，其所具有的生命權(quán)資格與其媽媽的生命權(quán)資格是平等的。第十三和第十四修正案的通過(guò)確保了女性有在國(guó)外墮胎的權(quán)利以及學(xué) 習(xí)“墮胎服務(wù)”的權(quán)利，這種服務(wù)在愛(ài)爾蘭是違法的，但在國(guó)外是合法的。1937 年憲法禁止離婚的規(guī)定在 1995 年通過(guò)的第十五修正案中被廢止了。與歐盟平均水平相比，愛(ài)爾蘭的離婚率十分的低，而愛(ài)爾蘭的結(jié)婚率則稍稍高于歐盟平均水平。 愛(ài)爾蘭憲法禁止死刑，同時(shí)規(guī)定基于年齡、性別、性取向、婚姻或家庭狀況、宗教和種族方面的歧視 是違法的。 愛(ài)爾蘭在 2002 年開始對(duì)塑料購(gòu)物袋開征環(huán)境稅，2004 年開始在公共場(chǎng)所禁煙，而這些舉措在世界上 均屬首創(chuàng)。資源循環(huán)利用在愛(ài)爾蘭開展的很廣泛，愛(ài)爾蘭的包裝循環(huán)利用率在歐盟位居第二。

　　參考譯文

　　The Republic of Ireland is a sovereign state in Western Europe, occupying about five-sixths of the island of Ireland. The capital and largest city is Dublin, whose metropolitan area is home to around a third of the country’s 4.6 million inhabitants. The state shares its only land border with Northern Ireland. It is a unitary, parliamentary republic with an elected president serving as head of state. The head of government is nominated by the lower house of parliament.

　　Following the Irish War of Independence and the subsequent Anglo-Irish Treaty, Ireland gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1922. Initially a dominion, Ireland received official British recognition of full legislative independence in the Statute of Westminster of 1931. A new constitution was adopted in 1937, by which the name of the state became “Ireland.” In 1949, Ireland was declared a republic under the Republic of Ireland act 1948.

　　Ireland ranks among the wealthiest countries in the world in terms of GDP per capita. In 1973, Ireland enacted a series of liberal economic policies that resulted in rapid economic growth, coupled with a dramatic rise in inequality. The country achieved considerable prosperity from 1995 to 2007. This was halted by an unprecedented financial crisis that began in 2008, in conjunction with the concurrent global economic crash.

　　In 2011 and 2013 Ireland was ranked as the seventh-most developed country in the world by the United Nations Human Development Index. It also performs well in several metrics of national performance, including freedom of the press, economic freedom and civil liberties. It pursues a policy of neutrality through non-alignment.

　　The population of Ireland stood at 4,588,252 in 2011, an increase of 8.2 percent since 2006. As of 2011, Ireland had the highest birth rate in the European Union (16 births per 1,000 of population). In 2012, 35.1 percent of births were to unmarried women. Annual population growth rates exceeded 2 percent during the 2002-2006 period, which was attributed to high rates of natural increase and immigration. This rate declined somewhat during the subsequent 2006-2011 period, with an average growth rate of 1.6 percent.

　　Ireland ranks fifth in the world in terms of gender equality. In 2011, Ireland was ranked the most charitable country in Europe, and second most charitable in the world. Contraception was controlled in Ireland until 1979, however, the receding influence of the Catholic Church has led to an increasingly secularized society . In 1983, the Eighth Amendment recognized “the right to life of the unborn”, subject to qualifications concerning the “equal right to life” of the mother. The passage of the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments guarantees the right to have an abortion performed abroad, and the right to learn about “services” that are illegal in Ireland, but legal abroad. The prohibition on divorce in the 1937 Constitution was repealed in 1995 under the Fifteenth Amendment. Divorce rates in Ireland are very low compared to European Union averages while the marriage rate in Ireland is slightly above the European Union average.

　　Capital punishment is constitutionally banned in Ireland, while discrimination based on age, gender, sexual orientation, marital or familial status, religion and race is illegal.

　　Ireland became the first country in the world to introduce an environmental levy for plastic shopping bags in 2002 and a public smoking ban in 2004. Recycling in Ireland is carried out extensively and Ireland has the second highest rate of packaging recycling in the European Union.