2018年翻譯資格考試英語筆譯高級模擬題：國際形勢

　　英譯漢

　　In the new century, the international situation has continued to undergo profound and complicated changes. World multipolarization and economic globalization are progressing amid twists and turns. Science and technology are advancing with each passing day. We have before us both development opportunities that we must seize and grave challenges that we must deal with seriously. Despite the widespread conflicts and clashes of interests and increasing numbers of factors of uncertainty and instability in the world today, peace and development remain the overriding themes of the times. The world needs peace, countries desire development and people want cooperation. This has become an irresistible trend of history.

　　At present, Asia, on the whole, enjoys stability, with peace, development and cooperation becoming the mainstream of an advancing Asia. With concerted efforts, relevant Asian countries have freed themselves from the shadow of the financial crisis, overcome the impact of SARS and bird flu, succeeded in economic restructuring, quickened the tempo of industrial upgrading and transformation, promoted a robust regional cooperation, and increased the capacity to tide over potential risks. Asia has retained its position as one of the world's most dynamic regions and a key growth point in global trade. We are full of confidence in the future of Asia's development.

　　The Sino-US Strategic and Economic Dialogue is a forum for China and the United States to discuss a wide range of strategic, long-term, and global issues that bear on the relations between the two countries. It is an upgrade from two previous mechanisms, namely the China-U.S. Senior Dialogue (also known as the China-U.S. Strategic Dialogue) and the China-U.S. Strategic and Economic Dialogue.

　　With deepening Sino-US relations and a shifting international political landscape, both China and the United States became aware of the need for a higher-level and more substantive mechanism for dialogue. On April 1, 2009 at the G-20 London summit, President Hu Jintao of China and President Barack Obama of the United States reached agreement on the creation of a new mechanism for Sino-US strategic and economic dialogue. Combining the former China-U.S. Senior Dialogue and Strategic and Economic Dialogue, the upgraded forum comprises a "Strategic Track" and an "Economic Track" co-chaired by special representatives of the heads of state of both countries.

　　The dialogue covers not only bilateral issues, but also multilateral topics such as financial sector reform, balanced growth of the world economy, climate change, and regional security. It plays an important role in strengthening Sino-US ties, facilitating high-level strategic interaction between the two countries, and contributing to the building of a new model of major-power relationship.

　　There are some undeniable new links in the strategic interests of China and Japan in the 21st century.

　　First is dealing with non-traditional threats to security. With the development of the international situation since the end of the Cold War, in particular since the terrorist attacks in the United States on September 11, 2001, and the outbreak of SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) in 2003, there has been an obvious increase in awareness of non-traditional security threats. Jointly coping with the challenges/The strategic needs to jointly cope with the challenges posed by those threats will surely become a strong link in the relationship between China and Japan in the 21st century.

　　Second, enhancing cooperation in the field of traditional security is also a cornerstone of Sino-Japanese strategic interests.

　　With regard to traditional security, since mutual trust has not yet been achieved, both sides will be especially concerned with the other's growing power and how that power could be used.

　　Thus China and Japan should treat each other's development with an equal, normal and realistic attitude. Both countries have reached a consensus on establishing "a friendly cooperative partnership devoted to peace and development," which was demonstrated in their joint statement signed in 1998.What we need to do in the future is to realize this consensus.

　　Third, "no more war between China and Japan" is the most fundamental common ground linking the strategic interests of the two countries.

　　China and Japan are close neighbors separated only by a strip of water. This indicates that it is convenient either to cooperate with each other or do harm to each other. Modern military technology has made it absolutely certain that the one who does harm to the other will face immediate retaliation. If a war broke out between us two neighbors, there would be nothing else but a no-win consequence. Therefore, to some extent, "no more war between China and Japan" is the most basic joining point of strategic interests between the two countries.

　　Politics is a reflection of the economy. The fact that Japan is an economic giant will surely be reflected in politics.

　　Japan's becoming "a major political power" resulted from the trend of multi-polarization in the international structure. However, under the increasingly close Japan-US alliance, Japan's diplomatic clout has not gone beyond being a medium nation subordinate to the United States, despite its wish of becoming "a major political power".

　　Of course, there are two sides to every coin. Since the 1990s, by participating in the United Nations' peacekeeping activities, Japan has played its own part in many "hot spots" around the world. It can be argued that Japan's being independent of the United States is the pre-condition of its becoming "a major political power. " In this respect, the United States will not really be pleased with and supportive of Japan's ascension to {& a major political power" because this means Japan will no longer be so closely aligned with America, or like some European countries, will even dare to say no to the United States.

　　But from the viewpoint of the international community, Japan's role as a major political power is in line with the developing trend of multi-polarization.

　　National interests of a country include economic interests, security interests, political interests and social interests, etc. There are joining points in economic, security, political and social interests between China and Japan.

　　Since both China and Japan regard developing economy as the primary task of the nation, economic interests are at the core of their national interests. Developing Sino-Japanese economic and trade cooperation conforms to not only the interests of both countries but also the trend of economic globalization.

　　China is still faced with the task of realizing industrialization. Hence, the fundamental interests of China's relations with Japan lie in how to make use of and learn from Japan's technology and experience to accelerate China's industrialization. While on Japan's part, it is of fundamental interest to benefit from China's rapid economic growth and energetic reform.

　　China and Japan have their respective advantages regarding productive factors, such as labor forces, land, technology, capital and management. Developing Sino-Japanese economic cooperation can help activate the respective advantages of the two countries, which is also a fundamental objective in developing Sino-Japanese economic and trade relationship.

　　參考譯文

　　進(jìn)入新世紀(jì)，國際形勢繼續(xù)發(fā)生深刻復(fù)雜的變化。世界多極化和經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化災(zāi)曲折中發(fā)展�？萍歼M(jìn)步日新月異，我們既面臨著必須抓住的發(fā)展機(jī)遇，也面臨著必須認(rèn)真應(yīng)付的嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)，盡管當(dāng)今世界還存在著這樣那樣的矛盾和利益沖突，不確定、不穩(wěn)定因素有所增加，但和平與發(fā)展仍是當(dāng)今時代的主題，世界要和平、國家要發(fā)展、人民要合作是不可阻擋的歷史潮流。

　　當(dāng)前亞洲形勢總體穩(wěn)定，和平、發(fā)展、合作已成為前進(jìn)中亞洲的主流。經(jīng)過共同努力，亞洲有關(guān)國家擺脫了金融危機(jī)的陰影，戰(zhàn)勝了非典和禽流感疫情的沖擊，經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整取得成效，產(chǎn)業(yè)升級換代步伐加快，區(qū)域合作方興未艾，抗御風(fēng)險能力不斷增強(qiáng)。亞洲仍然是全球最具發(fā)展活力的地區(qū)之一，也繼續(xù)是全球貿(mào)易的重要增長點(diǎn)之一。我們對亞洲的發(fā)展前景充滿信心。

　　中美戰(zhàn)略與經(jīng)濟(jì)對話是中美雙方就事關(guān)兩國關(guān)系發(fā)展的戰(zhàn)略性、長期性、全局性問題而進(jìn)行的戰(zhàn)略對話，是由中美戰(zhàn)略對話與中美戰(zhàn)略經(jīng)濟(jì)對話兩大機(jī)制升級而來的。

　　隨著中美關(guān)系不斷發(fā)展和國際形勢的變化，雙方認(rèn)識到須要進(jìn)行不斷提升對話層次、豐富對話內(nèi)容。2009年4月1日，中國國家主席胡錦濤與美國總統(tǒng)奧巴馬在倫敦參加二十國集團(tuán)金融峰會期間舉行會晤，雙方就建立中美戰(zhàn)略與經(jīng)濟(jì)對話機(jī)制達(dá)成一致，將之前的中美戰(zhàn)略對話和中美戰(zhàn)略經(jīng)濟(jì)對話合二為一，升級為由雙方元首特使領(lǐng)銜的中美戰(zhàn)略與經(jīng)濟(jì)對話機(jī)制。

　　中美戰(zhàn)略與經(jīng)濟(jì)對話機(jī)制的議題不僅涉及雙邊，也包括國際金融體系改革、全球經(jīng)濟(jì)平衡增長、氣候變化、地區(qū)安全等多邊議題。它為促進(jìn)中美關(guān)系發(fā)展和兩國高層戰(zhàn)略互動發(fā)揮了重要作用，有利于中美新型大國關(guān)系的構(gòu)建。

　　不可否認(rèn)，在21世紀(jì)中日兩國戰(zhàn)略利益是存在新的交匯點(diǎn)的。

　　首先，共同對付非傳統(tǒng)威脅2是中日戰(zhàn)略利益的交匯點(diǎn)之一。隨著冷戰(zhàn)后國際形勢的發(fā)展，特別是“9·11”事件、非典疫情爆發(fā)以來3，對非傳統(tǒng)安全問題的關(guān)注明顯上升，共同對付非傳統(tǒng)威脅的戰(zhàn)略需要必將成為連接21世紀(jì)中日關(guān)系的強(qiáng)韌紐帶。

　　其次，在傳統(tǒng)安全方面加強(qiáng)合作也是中日戰(zhàn)略利益的一個重要交匯點(diǎn)。

　　在傳統(tǒng)安全方面，在中日雙方尚難以達(dá)到互信4的狀況下，就會特別關(guān)注對方的力量發(fā)展和如何使用這種力量的意圖。因此，中日兩國應(yīng)該以對等、正常、實(shí)事求是的心態(tài)來看待對方發(fā)展。在1998年簽署的中日《共同聲明》中，中國已同日本達(dá)成了建立“致力于和平與發(fā)展的友好合作的伙伴關(guān)系”的共識，5今后需要真正將這種伙伴關(guān)系落到實(shí)處。

　　第三，“中日不再戰(zhàn)”是兩國戰(zhàn)略利益的最根本的交匯點(diǎn)。

　　中日兩國是“一衣帶水”6的鄰邦，這不僅意味著合作起來很方便而且也意味著加害于對方也很方便7，特別是現(xiàn)代戰(zhàn)爭技術(shù)已經(jīng)使得受害方立即實(shí)施報(bào)復(fù)成為可能，如果我們兩大鄰國再爆發(fā)戰(zhàn)爭，其結(jié)果必定是“雙輸”。8在一定意義上或許可以說，“中日不再戰(zhàn)”是中日兩國戰(zhàn)略利益的“最大交匯點(diǎn)”。

　　政治是經(jīng)濟(jì)的集中表現(xiàn)。日本成為“經(jīng)濟(jì)大國”的現(xiàn)實(shí)必然要反映到政治上來。

　　日本走向“政治大國”9是國際格局多極化使然。但是，在日趨緊密的日美同盟之下，日本盡管有做“政治大國”的愿望，其外交在本質(zhì)上依然擺脫不了對美從屬的“中等國家外交”的境界。10當(dāng)然，日美關(guān)系中既然有美對日控制的一面，就必然有日對美反控制的一面。11 20世紀(jì)90年代以來，日本通過參加聯(lián)合國維和活動，在不少“熱點(diǎn)”地區(qū)的沖突中發(fā)揮出自己的作用�？梢哉J(rèn)為，日本對美獨(dú)立性的增強(qiáng)是日本走向“政治大國”的前提條件，從這個意義上說，美對日成為真正的“政治大國”是不會高興不會支持的，12因?yàn)檫@意味著日本會逐漸變得不那么“緊跟”，不那么聽話，甚至成為像某些歐洲國家那樣敢于頂撞美國13的國家。

　　然而，在國際社會看來，日本發(fā)揮政治大國的作用符合多極化發(fā)展趨勢。

　　一國的國家利益包括經(jīng)濟(jì)利益、安全利益、政治利益、社會利益籌，中日兩國的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益、安全利益、政治利益、社會利益等方面均存在著“利益交匯之處”。

　　鑒于中日兩國都把發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)作為國家的首要任務(wù)，因此可以說經(jīng)濟(jì)利益也是中日國家利益交匯的基礎(chǔ)和核心，發(fā)展中日經(jīng)貿(mào)合作既符合中日兩國的利益，也符合經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的潮流。

　　當(dāng)今中國仍面臨著實(shí)現(xiàn)工業(yè)化的任務(wù)，那么，如何利用和借鑒日本的工業(yè)化技術(shù)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)來加快中國工業(yè)化，就成為我國發(fā)展對日關(guān)系的根本利益所在。14而日本也需要從中國的快速經(jīng)濟(jì)增長和充滿活力的改革中獲益，這又成為日本發(fā)展對華關(guān)系的根本利益所在。

　　中日兩國有著各自的生產(chǎn)要素優(yōu)勢15，如勞動力、土地、技術(shù)、資金、管理等，發(fā)展中日經(jīng)濟(jì)合作可以促使兩國各自優(yōu)勢的活力競相迸發(fā)，這也是發(fā)展中日經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系的根本目的之所在。