2018年5月翻譯資格考試CATTI三級筆譯真題及答案

　　英譯漢

　　Improved human well-being is one of the greatest triumphs of the modern era.The age of plenty has also led to an unexpected global health crisis: two billionpeople are either overweight or obese. Developed countries have been especiallysusceptible to unhealthy weight gain. However, developing countries are now facing a similar crisis. Obesity rates have peaked in high income countries but are accelerating elsewhere. The combined findings of the World Health Organisation and the World Bank showed that in 2016 Asia was home to half the world’s overweight children. One quarter were in Africa. Residents of developing nation cities are increasingly susceptible to obesity. According to India’s National Institute of Nutrition, over a quarter of urban-dwelling men and nearly half of women are overweight.

　　民生改善是現(xiàn)代最偉大的成就之一。這樣一個富足的年代也導(dǎo)致了難以預(yù)料的全球健康危機：有20億人要么超重，要么肥胖。發(fā)達國家的人則更易長胖，引起健康問題。然而，發(fā)展中國家目前正面臨著相似的危機。肥胖率在高收入國家已經(jīng)達到頂峰，但在其他國家也正不斷上升。世界衛(wèi)生組織和世界銀行的綜合調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示，2016年，亞洲的肥胖兒童占據(jù)世界總數(shù)的一半，非洲則占據(jù)了1/4。發(fā)展中國家的城市居民越來越易胖。根據(jù)印度國立營養(yǎng)研究所(India’s National Institute of Nutrition)的數(shù)據(jù)，城鎮(zhèn)人口中有超過1/4的男性和將近1/2的女性超重。

　　This crisis will test the political resolve of governments that have historically focused on ending hunger.These governments must understand that the factors making cities convenient and productive also make their residents prone to obesity. Urbanites enjoy a variety of food. Additionally, international fast food chains are flourishing in developing countries. The health risks of such diets arecompounded by the sedentary lifestyles of urban dwellers.

　　這場危機將會考驗各國政府的政治決心，他們曾把工作重心放在如何消除饑餓上。這些國家的政府必須明白，讓城市便捷、生產(chǎn)力提高的因素同樣會使其居民容易肥胖。都市人能享受各種各樣的美食。此外，國際快餐連鎖店在發(fā)展中國家迅速擴張。城市居民久坐不動的生活方式加劇了這種飲食習(xí)慣的健康風(fēng)險。

　　People’s leisure time is also being occupied by television, movies, and video games in the growing number of households. The alarming implication of these trends is that developing countries may become sick before they get rich. That sickness may, in turn, cripple health systems. The yearly health care costs in Southeast Asia of obesity-related complications like diabetes and cardiovascular disease are already as high as US $10 billion.

　　在越來越多的家庭中，人們的休閑時光也被電視、電影和電子游戲所占據(jù)。這些趨勢會引起令人擔(dān)憂的后果，即發(fā)展中國家的人們可能未生財先生病。肥胖導(dǎo)致的疾病繼而會破壞健康體系。每年，在東南亞國家，用于治療糖尿病，心血管疾病等與肥胖相關(guān)的并發(fā)癥所花費的醫(yī)療保健費用已高達100億美元。

　　Such diseases are an added burden on countries already struggling to manage primary health care needs. Policies related to taxation, urban design, education and awareness and the promotion of localised food systems may help control obesity at a lower cost than eventual medical treatment for an increasingly overweight population. Some governments have already experimented with direct interventions to control obesity, such as taxation on unhealthy foods and drinks.The US pioneered the soda tax movement. Thailand, Brunei, and Singapore have adopted similar measures. South Africa is likely to introduce a sugar tax beginning in April 2018. The city of Berkeley in California recognizes that taxes alone are not enough to address obesity. Proceeds from the city’s sugar tax are used to support child nutrition and community health programmes. This underscores the importance of education and awareness.

　　對于已經(jīng)在奮力滿足初級衛(wèi)生保健需求的國家來說，這些疾病無疑增加了負(fù)擔(dān)。相比于持續(xù)增長的超重人口最終所花費的治療費用，制定與稅收、城市設(shè)計、教育和健康意識以及促進本地化食品體系相關(guān)的政策可能有助于以更低的成本控制肥胖。一些政府已經(jīng)嘗試通過直接干預(yù)來控制肥胖，例如對非健康食品和飲品進行征稅。美國率先開始實行蘇打稅。泰國、文萊和新加坡也采取了類似的措施。南非可能會在2018年4月開始征收糖稅。加利福利亞的伯克利市政府則認(rèn)識到，僅僅依靠稅收還不足以解決肥胖問題。該市的糖類稅收所得均用于支持兒童營養(yǎng)和社區(qū)健康計劃。這凸顯了教育和健康意識的重要性。

　　There is also promise in initiatives. Urban design holds significant power to reshape lifestyle patterns and public health. Improving the attractiveness of public space can draw residents out of their cars and living rooms. A recent studyof urban neighbourhoods in Shanghai and Hangzhou found that middle-income residents living in walkable neighbourhoods enjoy better health than residents who lived in less walkable neighbourhoods in urban China.

　　這些倡議中也包含著承諾。城市設(shè)計是重塑生活方式和公共健康的重要力量。提升公共空間的美觀度可以吸引居民離開自己的汽車和客廳。最近，上海和杭州城市社區(qū)的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在中國城市中，相比于居住在步行街區(qū)較少的社區(qū)居民，那些居住在步行街區(qū)的中等收入居民要更為健康。

　　Finally, healthier lifestyles begin in grocery store aisles. Governments should encourage tighter connections between agricultural production systems, urban grocers and food vendors. Such initiatives can also help urban residents better understand the mechanics of food sourcing. This raises awareness about the relationship between natural foods and healthy lifestyles. Combining controls on unhealthy foods with policies that incentivize healthy eating and active lifestyles constitute a promising response to rising obesity rates. Improving public health is an important policy developing countries should take from both an economic and social point of view. To quote the recent Global Nutrition Report, reducing obesity will boost global development.

　　最后，追求更健康的生活方式，從雜貨店的貨架通道入手。政府應(yīng)鼓勵農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)、城市雜貨商和食品供應(yīng)商之間更加緊密聯(lián)系。這些倡議還可以幫助城市居民更好地了解食物采購機制。這提高了人們對天然食品和健康生活方式之間關(guān)系的認(rèn)識。將控制不健康食品與鼓勵健康飲食和積極生活方式的政策相結(jié)合，是對肥胖率上升的積極回應(yīng)。改善公共衛(wèi)生，是發(fā)展中國家應(yīng)該從經(jīng)濟和社會角度考慮的一項重要政策。在此引用最新的《全球營養(yǎng)報告》，減少肥胖將推動全球發(fā)展。

　　漢譯英

　　煤炭是地球上儲量最為豐富的能源，但反對使用煤炭的聲浪日益高漲。煤炭巨大的碳排放量引起氣候變化，從而引起公眾的擔(dān)憂。煤炭與其他能源相比，競爭力已經(jīng)有所下降了。以美國為例，頁巖氣的出現(xiàn)造成部分出煤量因價格過高而被擠出市場。美國去年煤炭需求接近9.2億噸。由于天然氣價格下跌，今年美國煤炭需求將減少6000萬到8000萬噸。

　　Coal is the most abundant energy in the world, but opponents to its use are growing louder. Huge carbon emissions have caused climate change, leading to public concerns. Compared with other types of energy, coal has become less competitive. In the US, for example, the emergence of shale gas has resulted in the fact that some coal output has been priced out of the market. US coal demand last year was close to 920 million tons. However, falls in the price of natural gas will cut US coal demand by 60 to 80 million tons this year.

　　數(shù)據(jù)顯示，煤炭滿足了全球大約30%的能源需求，提供40%以上的電力。在人口第一和第二大國中國和印度，煤炭所滿足的能源需求比例甚至達到70%左右。中國的煤炭消費量在去年已經(jīng)下滑，煤炭進口下降了11%，這是十年來的首次下降。中國經(jīng)濟增速已經(jīng)放緩，同時也做出極大努力削減煤炭使用以減少煤炭污染。由于燃煤發(fā)電廠沒有滿負(fù)荷運行，再加上煤炭供應(yīng)充足，造成國際煤炭價格壓低。煤出口價格從去年的峰值下跌了約60%。

　　Figures show that coal meets about 30 percent of global energy needs and generates more than 40 percent of the world’s electricity. In the world’s most populous countries, China and India, the percentage of energy needs met by coal even reaches to about 70 percent. Coal consumption in China fell last year, with imports down 11 percent, the first fall in a decade. With its economic growth having slowed down, China is making strenuous efforts to cut coal use to reduce pollution. As coal-fired electricity plants are not running at their full capacity, combined with adequate coal supply, the global coal prices have been pushed down. Export prices of coal have fallen about 60 percent from last year’s peak.