Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (50 points)

　　Translate the following passage into Chinese.

　　Improved human well-being is the greatest triumph of modern era. The age of plenty has also led to an unexpected global health crisis: two billion people are either overweight or obese. Developed countries have been especially susceptible to unhealthy weight gain. However, developing countries are now facing a similar crisis. Obesity rates have peaked in high income countries but are accelerating elsewhere. The combined findings of the World Health Organisation and the World Bank showed that in 2016 Asia was home to half the world’s overweight children. One quarter were in Africa.

　　This crisis will test the political resolve of governments that have focused on ending hunger. These governments must understand that the factors making cities convenient and productive also make their residents prone to obesity. Urbanites enjoy a variety of culinary options. International fast food chains are flourishing in developing countries. The health risks of such diets are compounded by the sedentary lifestyles of urban dwellers. People’s leisure time is also being occupied by television, movies and video games in the growing number of households.

　　The alarming implication of these trends is that developing countries may become sick before they get rich. That sickness may, in turn, cripple health systems. The yearly health care costs in Southeast Asia of obesity-related complications like diabetes and cardiovascular disease are already as high as US $10 billion. Such diseases are an added burden on countries already struggling to manage primary health care needs.

　　Policies related to taxation, urban design, education and the promotion of food systems may help control obesity at a lower cost than eventual medical treatment for an increasingly overweight population. Some governments have already experimented with direct interventions to control obesity, such as taxation on unhealthy foods and drinks. Thailand, Brunei, and Singapore have adopted soda tax . South Africa is likely to introduce a sugar tax beginning in April 2018. The city of Berkeley in California recognises that taxes alone are not enough to address obesity. Proceeds from the city’s sugar tax are used to support child nutrition and community health programmes. This underscores the importance of education.

　　There is also promise in many initiatives. Urban design holds significant power to reshape lifestyle patterns and public health. Improving the attractiveness of public space can draw residents out of their cars and living rooms. A recent study of urban neighbourhoods in Shanghai and Hangzhou found that residents living in walkable neighbourhoods are healthier than residents living in less walkable neighourhoods in urban China. Finally, healthier lifestyles begin in grocery store aisles.

　　Governments should encourage tighter connections between agricultural production systems, urban grocers and food vendors. Such initiatives can also help urban residents better understand the mechanics of food sourcing. This raises awareness about the relationship between natural foods and healthy lifestyles. Combining controls on unhealthy foods with policies that incentivise healthy eating and active lifestyles is important for developing countries from both an economic and social point of view. To quote the recent Global Nutrition Report, “Reducing obesity will boost global development.”

　　Section 2: Chinese-English Translation (50 points)

　　Translate the following passage into English.

　　煤炭是地球上儲(chǔ)量最豐富的能源，但目前反對(duì)使用煤炭的聲浪日益高漲。煤炭巨大的碳排放量引起氣候變化，從而引起公眾的擔(dān)憂，煤炭與其他能源相比競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力下降。

　　以美國(guó)為例，頁(yè)巖油氣的出現(xiàn)造成部分煤炭因價(jià)格過(guò)高而被排擠出市場(chǎng)。美國(guó)去年煤炭需求接近9.2億噸，由于天然氣價(jià)格下跌，今年煤炭需求將減少6000萬(wàn)噸到8000萬(wàn)噸。

　　數(shù)據(jù)顯示，煤炭滿足了全球約30%的能源需求，供應(yīng)了40%的電力。在人口第一和第二大國(guó)的中國(guó)和印度，煤炭所滿足的能源需求比例高達(dá)70%左右。

　　中國(guó)的煤炭消費(fèi)量在去年已經(jīng)下降，煤炭進(jìn)口下滑了11%，這是10年來(lái)的首次下降。中國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)增速已經(jīng)放緩，同時(shí)也做出極大努力減少煤炭的使用以減少污染。由于燃煤發(fā)電廠沒(méi)有滿負(fù)荷運(yùn)行，再加上煤炭供應(yīng)充足，造成國(guó)際煤炭?jī)r(jià)格壓低。煤出口價(jià)格從去年的峰值下跌了約60%。

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