Section1: English-ChineseTranslation (50 points)

　　Translatethe following passage into Chinese.

　　Freedby warming, waters once locked beneath ice are gnawing at coastal settlementsaround the Arctic Circle. In Bykovsky, a village of 457 residents at the tip ofa fin-shaped peninsula on Russia’s northeast coast, the shoreline iscollapsing, creeping closer and closer to houses and tanks of heating oil, at arate of 15 to 18 feet, or 5 to 6 meters, a year. Eventually, homes will be lostas more ice melts each summer, and maybe all of Bykovsky, too.

　　“It is practically all ice — permafrost — and it is thawing.” The 4million Russian people who live north of the Arctic Circle are feeling theeffects of warming in many ways. A changing climate presents new opportunities,but it also threatens their environment, the stability of their homes, and, forthose whose traditions rely on the ice-bound wilderness, the preservation oftheir culture.

　　Apush to develop the North, quickened by the melting of the Arctic seas, carriesits own rewards and dangers for people in the region. Discovery of vastpetroleum fields in the Barents and Kara Seas has raised fears of catastrophicaccidents as ships loaded with oil or liquefied gas churn through the fisheriesoff Scandinavia, headed for the eager markets of Europe and North America. Landthat was untouched could be tainted by air and water pollution as generators,smokestacks and large vehicles sprout to support the growing energy industry.

　　Coastalerosion is a problem in Alaska as well, forcing the United States to prepare torelocate several Inuit coastal villages at a projected cost of US$100 millionor more for each one.

　　Acrossthe Arctic, indigenous tribes with cultural traditions shaped by centuries ofliving in extremes of cold and ice are noticing changes in weather andwildlife. They are trying to adapt, but it can be confounding.

　　InFinnmark, the northernmost province of Norway, the Arctic landscape unfolds inlate winter as an endless snowy plateau, silent but for the cries of thereindeer and the occasional whine of a snowmobile herding them.

　　Achanging Arctic is felt there, too, though in another way. “The reindeer arebecoming unhappy,” said Issat Eira, a 31-year-old reindeer herder.

　　Fewcountries rival Norway when it comes to protecting the environment andpreserving indigenous customs. The state has lavished its oil wealth on theregion, and as a result Sami culture has enjoyed something of a renaissance.

　　Andyet no amount of government support can convince Eira that his livelihood,intractably entwined with the reindeer, is not about to change. Like a Texascattleman he keeps the size of his herd secret. But he said warmer temperaturesin fall and spring are melting the top layers of snow, which then refreeze asice, making it harder for his reindeer to dig through to the lichen they eat.

　　“The people who are making the decisions, they are living in thesouth and they are living in towns,” said Eira, sitting beside a birch fireinside his lavvu, a home made of reindeer hides. “They don’t mark the change ofweather. It is only people who live in nature and get resources from nature whomark it.”

　　Section2: Chinese-EnglishTranslation (50 points)

　　Translatethe following passage into English.

　　中國為種類繁多的菜肴感到十分自豪。飲食是中國文化的一大要素。中國共有 8 大菜系，包括辛辣的川菜和清淡的粵菜。中國餐館在世界各地很受歡迎。

　　然而，中國人的生活方式日益變化，無論是自己下廚還是上餐館，都出現(xiàn)了全 新的飲食習(xí)慣。在一些傳統(tǒng)的中國菜中，添加了奶酪和番茄醬。城市消費(fèi)者頻繁地光顧一些快餐連鎖店，包括麥當(dāng)勞、肯德基和必勝客。市場調(diào)查顯示，在未來幾年里，西式快餐的消費(fèi)在中國將以每年超過 45%的速度持續(xù)增長，而中式快餐店有望增加 15%。

　　收入的不斷增長，對國際食品更多的了解，加上超市購物的便捷，使中國出現(xiàn)了更樂于嘗試包裝及罐裝食品的新一代消費(fèi)者。隨著越來越多的家庭擁有冰箱，超市的冷凍食品不斷增加，從速凍餃子到炸薯?xiàng)l應(yīng)有盡有。綠色有機(jī)食品也出現(xiàn)在大城市的商店里，但價(jià)格可能比傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)品貴很多。

　　由于生活方式的變化，越來越多的中國人不愿每天都采購食品。這使包裝食品更容易為大眾所接受。隨著有車族的增加和新城區(qū)的涌現(xiàn)，超市更是日益流行。

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