生物時(shí)鐘與記憶：遺忘取決于所處時(shí)間

　　Can't remember something?Try waiting until later in the day.Researchers identified a gene in mice that seems to influence memory recall at different times of day and tracked how it causes mice to be more forgetful just before they normally wake up.

　　不記得了嗎?等晚些時(shí)候再試試。研究人員在小鼠中發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)在不同時(shí)間影響記憶的基因。該基因使小鼠在正常睡醒前變得更健忘。

　　"We may have identified the first gene in mice specific to memory retrieval,"said Professor Satoshi Kida from the University of Tokyo Department of Applied Biological Chemistry.

　　東京大學(xué)應(yīng)用生物化學(xué)系的Satoshi Kida教授說：“我們可能是第一個(gè)在小鼠中找到記憶檢索基因�！�

　　Every time you forget something,it could be because you didn't truly learn it--like the name of the person you were just introduced to a minute ago;or it could be because you are not able to recall the information from where it is stored in your brain--like the lyrics of your favorite song slipping your mind.

　　每當(dāng)您忘記某件事時(shí)，可能是因?yàn)槟鷽]有真正學(xué)習(xí)到它-就像一分鐘前剛被介紹給您的人的名字一樣;或可能是因?yàn)槟鸁o法從大腦中存儲(chǔ)的信息中回想起信息-就像您喜歡的歌曲的歌詞使您難以置信。

　　Many memory researchers study how new memories are made.The biology of forgetting is more complicated to study because of the difficulties of distinguishing between not knowing and not recalling.

　　許多記憶研究人員研究新記憶的產(chǎn)生方式。由于難以區(qū)分不知道和不記得，因此遺忘的生物學(xué)研究更為復(fù)雜。

　　Researchers tested the memories of young adult male and female mice.In the"learning,"or training,phase of the memory tests,researchers allowed mice to explore a new object for a few minutes.

　　研究人員測(cè)試了成年雄性和雌性小鼠的記憶。在記憶測(cè)試的“學(xué)習(xí)”或訓(xùn)練階段，研究人員允許小鼠在幾分鐘內(nèi)探索一個(gè)新物體。

　　Later,in the"recall"phase of the test,researchers observed how long the mice touched the object when it was reintroduced.Mice spend less time touching objects that they remember seeing previously.Researchers tested the mice's recall by reintroducing the same object at different times of day.

　　后來，在測(cè)試的“召回”階段，研究人員觀察了老鼠在重新回憶起物體前觸摸了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。小鼠花在觸摸他們之前記得看過的物體上的時(shí)間更少。研究人員通過在一天的不同時(shí)間重新引入同一物體來測(cè)試小鼠的回憶率。

　　健康小鼠和不含BMAL1的小鼠進(jìn)行了相同的實(shí)驗(yàn)

　　They did the same experiments with healthy mice and mice without BMAL1,a protein that regulates the expression of many other genes.BMAL1 normally fluctuates between low levels just before waking up and high levels before going to sleep.

　　他們對(duì)健康小鼠和不含BMAL1的小鼠進(jìn)行了相同的實(shí)驗(yàn)，BMAL1是一種調(diào)節(jié)許多其他基因表達(dá)的蛋白質(zhì)。BMAL1通常在醒來前的低水平和睡覺前的高水平之間波動(dòng)。

　　Mice trained just before they normally woke up and tested just after they normally went to sleep did recognize the object.

　　通常在剛醒來之前接受訓(xùn)練的小鼠，以及在剛?cè)胨�后進(jìn)行測(cè)試的小鼠，都能識(shí)別出該物體。

　　Mice trained at the same time--just before they normally woke up--but tested 24 hours later did not recognize the object.

　　老鼠是在同一時(shí)間訓(xùn)練的-就在它們通常醒來之前-但經(jīng)過24小時(shí)的測(cè)試卻無法識(shí)別出該物體。

　　Healthy mice and mice without BMAL1 had the same pattern of results,but the mice without BMAL1 were even more forgetful just before they normally woke up.Researchers saw the same results when they tested mice on recognizing an object or recognizing another mouse.

　　健康小鼠和不含BMAL1的小鼠具有相同的結(jié)果模式，但不含BMAL1的小鼠在正常醒來之前甚至更加健忘。當(dāng)研究小鼠識(shí)別物體或識(shí)別另一只小鼠時(shí)，研究人員看到了相同的結(jié)果。

　　Something about the time of day just before they normally wake up,when BMAL1 levels are normally low,causes mice to not recall something they definitely learned and know.

　　當(dāng)BMAL1水平通常很低時(shí)，通常在一天中它們醒來之前的某個(gè)時(shí)間，會(huì)導(dǎo)致小鼠不記得他們肯定學(xué)習(xí)和知道的東西。

　　Researchers have traced the role of BMAL1 in memory retrieval to a specific area of the brain called the hippocampus.Additionally,researchers connected normal BMAL1 to activation of dopamine receptors and modification of other small signaling molecules in the brain.

　　研究人員已將BMAL1在記憶檢索中的作用追溯到大腦特定區(qū)域稱為海馬體。此外，研究人員將正常的BMAL1與多巴胺受體的激活以及大腦中其他小信號(hào)分子的修飾聯(lián)系起來。

　　"If we can identify ways to boost memory retrieval through this BMAL1 pathway,then we can think about applications to human diseases of memory deficit,like dementia and Alzheimer's disease,"said Kida.

　　Kida說：“如果我們能夠找到通過這種BMAL1途徑促進(jìn)記憶恢復(fù)的方法，那么我們就可以考慮將其應(yīng)用于人類記憶缺陷的疾病，例如癡呆癥和阿爾茨海默氏病�！�

　　However,the purpose of having memory recall abilities that naturally fluctuate depending on the time of day remains a mystery.

　　但是，記憶能力根據(jù)一天中的時(shí)間自然波動(dòng)的的目的仍然是個(gè)謎。

　　"We really want to know what is the evolutionary benefit of having naturally impaired memory recall at certain times of day,"said Kida.

　　Kida說：“我們真的想知道在一天中的某些時(shí)候?qū)⒆匀皇軗p的記憶召回的進(jìn)化益處是什么�！�

　　About the research

　　研究情況簡(jiǎn)介

　　Mice are naturally nocturnal.When measured in units of time using zeitgeber,the environmental cue of light turning on,mice are usually asleep from Zeitgeber Time 1 to 12 and awake from Zeitgeber Time 12 to 24.The term"just before normally waking up"refers to Zeitgeber Time 10,while the term"just after normally going to sleep"refers to Zeitgeber Time 4.

　　小鼠自然是夜間活動(dòng)的。當(dāng)使用Zeitgeber(開啟光的環(huán)境提示)以時(shí)間為單位進(jìn)行測(cè)量時(shí)，小鼠通常在Zeitgeber時(shí)間1到12處于睡眠狀態(tài)，而在Zeitgeber時(shí)間12到24處于喚醒狀態(tài)。術(shù)語“就在正常醒來之前”指的是Zeitgeber時(shí)間10，而術(shù)語“剛睡后”指的是Zeitgeber時(shí)間4。

　　Collaborators at the Tokyo University of Agriculture and the University of Toronto also contributed to this research.

　　東京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)和多倫多大學(xué)的合作者也為這項(xiàng)研究做出了貢獻(xiàn)。

　　點(diǎn)擊查看講義輔導(dǎo)資料及網(wǎng)校課程

　　口譯：翻譯資格考試三級(jí)口譯模擬題

　　筆譯：翻譯資格考試三級(jí)筆譯模擬題

　　資料來源考試網(wǎng)校老師主講教材精講班課程，完整講義下載進(jìn)入個(gè)人中心>>

　　　　下載焚題庫APP——翻譯資格考試——題庫——做題，包括章節(jié)練習(xí)、每日一練、模擬試卷、歷年真題、易錯(cuò)題等，可隨時(shí)隨地刷題�！�在線做題】>>】【下載APP掌上刷題】