2020年翻譯資格考試三級(jí)《筆譯實(shí)務(wù)》模擬試卷（二）

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　　Section 1

　　English-Chinese Translation(Translate the following passage into Chinese.)1.As dawn breaks in Hanoi the botanical gardens start to fill up. Hundreds of old people come every morning to exercise before the tropical heat makes sport unbearable. Groups of fitness enthusiasts proliferate. Elderly ladies in floral silks do tai chi in a courtyard. In the shade of a tall tree, dozens of ballroom dancers sway to samba music. Others work up a sweat on an outdoor exercise-machine. In the next few decades the gardens will become busier still. Vietnam has a median age of only 26. But it is greying fast. Over-60s make up 12% of the population, a share that is forecast to jump to 21% by 2040, one of the quickest increases in the world. Growing prosperity has also helped bring down the fertility rate in the same period from about seven children per woman to less than two. Demography is changing in similar ways in many Asian countries. But in Vietnam it is happening while the country is still poor. When the share of the population of working age climbed to its highest in South Korea and Japan, annual GDP per person stood at $32,585 and $31,718 respectively. Even China managed to reach $9,526. In Vietnam, which hit the same peak in 2013, incomes averaged a mere $5,024. This shift brings headaches. First, will the government be able to support millions more Vietnamese in old age? Only the extremely poor and people over 80 (together around 30% of the elderly) get a state pension, which can be as little as a few dollars a week. The most recent survey of the old, in 2011, found that 90% of them had no savings. Debt was common. Supporting them will become ever more expensive. The IMF predicts that pension costs,at the present rate, could raise government spending as a share of GDP by eight percentage points by 2050. That is faster than in any of the other 12 Asian countries it examined. The problem is worse in the countryside, where most old folk live. Previously the young cared for their parents in old age. Today they tend to abandon village life to seek their fortune in the city. Surveys suggest that the share of old people living alone is rising, especially in villages. Many work until they die. Around 40% of rural men are still toiling at 75, twice the rate of city-dwellers. In Britain that figure is 3%. Often they do gruelling manual jobs, such as rice farming or fishing. Providing health care for millions more old people is another worry. Alzheimer’s，heart disease and age-related disability are growing. In the botanical garden Toau, a 78-year-old in a white sports T-shirt, says he is there on doctor’s orders，before taking a pill for his bad heart and joining an exercise group. About a third of over-60s do not have health insurance, which is costly. Many provinces still have no proper geriatric departments in hospitals. Informal health-insurance groups have popped up to fill the gaps. The government is starting to implement policies to reduce the fiscal burden and improve the lot of the elderly. Last year it relaxed the one-child policy. In May it said it would increase the retirement age from 60 to 62 for men and 55 to 60 for women, and reform the pension scheme to provide wider coverage. Next year it plans to begin revamping the health-insurance and social-assistance systems.

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　　Section 2

　　Chinese-English Translation(Translate the following passage into English.)1.人與自然是生命共同體，人類(lèi)必須尊重自然、順應(yīng)自然、保護(hù)自然。人類(lèi)只有遵循自然規(guī)律才能有效防止在開(kāi)發(fā)利用自然上走彎路，人類(lèi)對(duì)大自然的傷害最終會(huì)傷及人類(lèi)自身，這是無(wú)法抗拒的規(guī)律。我們要建設(shè)的現(xiàn)代化是人與自然和諧共生的現(xiàn)代化，既要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造更多物質(zhì)財(cái)富和精神財(cái)富以滿(mǎn)足人民日益增長(zhǎng)的美好生活需要，也要提供更多優(yōu)質(zhì)生態(tài)產(chǎn)品以滿(mǎn)足人民日益增長(zhǎng)的優(yōu)美生態(tài)環(huán)境需要。必須堅(jiān)持節(jié)約優(yōu)先、保護(hù)優(yōu)先、自然恢復(fù)為主的方針,形成節(jié)約資源和保護(hù)環(huán)境的空間格局、產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、生產(chǎn)方式、生活方式，還自然以寧?kù)o、和諧、美麗。.........同志們!生態(tài)文明建設(shè)功在當(dāng)代、利在千秋。我們要牢固樹(shù)立社會(huì)主義生態(tài)文明觀，推動(dòng)形成人與自然和諧發(fā)展現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)新格局，為保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境作出我們這代人的努力!

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