2018年翻譯考試英語筆譯初級模擬題：時間觀與空間觀

　　漢譯英

　　從整體上研究不同文化的人類學(xué)家已經(jīng)察看到了時間觀與空間觀之間的聯(lián)系。例如，正如我們所察看到的，美國人把沒有活動的時間看作是“被浪費了的時間”，把沒有物體的空間 看作是“被浪費了的空間”。霍皮人再一次提供了有趣的對比。在英語中，任何表示地點或者空間的詞都可以單獨使用，能呈現(xiàn)出各自的特征而無需任何參照。例如，在英語里，可以說： “這房間很大”或者“美國的北方冬天很寒冷”。我們無需表明“房間”或者“北方”與任何其他表空間或地點的詞語有聯(lián)系。但在霍皮語里，地點或者空間地域的詞語本身不能在句子里單獨 使用�；羝と瞬荒軉为毜厥褂谩氨狈健边@個詞，他們得說“在北方”、“從北方”或者用另一種方 式給“北方”這個詞加上一個方向性的后綴。同樣地，霍皮語沒有一個單詞能夠被翻譯成“房 間”。霍皮語中的“房間”是詞干，是意思為“房屋”，“房間”或“居室”詞的一部分，但是不能單 獨使用，必須加上后綴才使這個詞表示“在房子里”或“從居室”�；羝ふZ中像“房間”、“居室”或“大廳”這些表示空洞空間的概念只有跟其他空間關(guān)聯(lián)時才具有意義�；羝と说倪@種空間感覺模式似乎與他們對時間的感覺模式相似。在西方文化中，各時段被認(rèn)為是時間延續(xù)過程中 的獨立片段，而在霍皮語中卻要將各時段連結(jié)成連續(xù)統(tǒng)一體。

　　參考譯文

　　Anthropologists studying various cultures as a whole have seen a connection in the way they view both time and space. For example, as we have seen, Americans look on time without activity as “wasted” and space without objects as “wasted.” Once again, the Hopi present an interesting contrast. In the English language, any noun for a location or a space may be used on its own and given its own characteristics without any reference being made to another location or space. For example, we can say in English: “The room is big” or “The north of the United States has cold winters.” We do not need to indicate that “room” or “north” has a relationship to any other word of space or location. But in Hopi, locations or regions of space cannot function by themselves in a sentence. The Hopi cannot say “north” by itself; they must say “in the north,” “from the north,” or in some other way use a directional suffix with the word north. In the same way, the Hopi language does not have a single word that can be translated as room. The Hopi word for room is a stem, a portion of a word, that means “house,” “room,” or “enclosed chamber,” but the stem cannot be used alone. It must be joined to a suffix that will make the word mean “in a house” or “from a chamber.” Hollow spaces like rooms, chambers, or halls in Hopi are concepts that are meaningful only in relation to other spaces. This pattern of spatial perception among the Hopi seems to be similar to their pattern of time perception, in which periods of time are not seen as separate pieces of duration, as they are in the Western cultures, but are integrated as pieces of a connected pattern.

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