2018年翻譯資格考試三級筆譯模擬題：科學的發(fā)展
漢譯英
新學派的科學家認為，技術(shù)是擴大科學知識的范圍中被忽視的力量。他們說，科學的發(fā)展與其說源于天才偉人的真知灼識，不如說源于改進了的技術(shù)和工具等等更為普通的東西。新學派的一位領(lǐng)袖人物堅持說:“簡言之，我們所稱謂的科學革命，主要是指一系列器具的改進、發(fā)明和使用，這些改進、發(fā)明和使用使科學發(fā)展的范圍無所不及。
工具和技術(shù)本身作為根本性創(chuàng)新的源泉多年來在很大程度上被科學史學家和科學思想家們忽視了。為技術(shù)而歡呼的現(xiàn)代學派爭辯說，像伽利略、牛頓、麥克斯威爾、愛因斯坦這樣的科學大師和像愛迪生這樣的發(fā)明家十分重視科學實驗中能使用的各種不同的工藝信息和技術(shù)裝置并從中受益匪淺。
鼓吹技術(shù)第一、天才第二的論據(jù)的核心是分析了科學革命初期伽利略的作用。那時的聰明才智取自第二世紀的天文學家托勒密;了精心創(chuàng)立的太空體系把地球置于所有天體運動的中心。伽利略的最光輝的業(yè)績在于他在1609年第一個把新發(fā)明的望遠鏡對準天空，以證實行星是圍繞太陽旋轉(zhuǎn)，而不是圍繞地球。但是，在新學派科學家看來，這件事中真正重要的因素是制造鏡片的機械長期以來不斷的改進和發(fā)展。
聯(lián)邦政府的政策必然要卷入到技術(shù)與天才之爭中去。政府究竟是以減少對技術(shù)的經(jīng)費投入來增加對純理論科學的經(jīng)費投入，還是相反，這往往取決于把哪一方看作是驅(qū)動力量。
參考譯文
According to the new school of scientists, technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge. Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools. "In short" , a leader of the new school contends, "the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions. "
Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. The modern school that hails technology algues that such masters as Galileo, Newton, Maxwell, Einstein, and inventors such as Edison attached great importance to, and derived great benefit from, craft information and technological devices of different kinds that were usable in scientific experiments.
The centerpiece of the argument of a technology-yes , genius-no advocate was an analysis of Galileo' s role at the start of the scientific revolution. The wisdom of the day was derived from Ptolemy, an astronomer of the second century, whose elaborate system of the sky put Earth at the center of all heavenly motions. Galileo' s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth. But the real hero of the story, according to the new school of scientists, was the long evolution in the improvement of machinery for making eyeglasses .
Federal policy is necessarily involved in the technology vs. genius dispute. Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa (反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.
熱點關(guān)注：2018年翻譯資格考試初級筆譯模擬題(264篇)
