2018年翻譯資格考試三級筆譯模擬題：生態(tài)旅游
第二單元 生態(tài)旅游 Ecotourism
第一篇
英譯漢
Ecotourism
The ideas behind ecotourism are not new. Rooted in the conservation and environmental movements in the United States over the past 150 years - spurred by the writings of Thoreau, Muir, and before them, Buddhist and other philosophical ideologies - ecotourism is a new application for an age-old concept of stewardship. It recognizes the interconnections of all life and the importance of maintaining a balance between human needs and those of existing ecosystems.
Perhaps Aldo Leopold's famous Land Ethic best captures the philosophical essence of stewardship: "a thing is right when it tends to preserve the integrity, stability and beauty of the biotic community... it is wrong if it does otherwise." In diversity there is stability. Ecotourism is really nothing more than the application of this philosophy to the self-enriching discovery made possible through travel. It is a process and an ethic, not an end in itself.
Ecotourism (often including rural tourism, heritage/cultural tourism, nature-based tourism, and adventure/experience-based tourism) has demonstrated growth far in excess of the so-called "mass tourism" market by posting 30% annual increases between 1995 and 2000. This increase can be compared to the 8% growth in mass tourism over the same period.
According to the Travel Industry Association of America, over 50% of the U. S. adult traveling public ——147 million people ——have taken an "adventure" trip in their lifetime. Included on this "adventure" activity roster are camping, hiking and biking. Though a small portion of the overall tourism industry, ecotourism's profit margin tends to exceed that of mass tourism. Last year, the average ecotourism two-week package cost is $ 3,500.
Ecotourism has both the potential to change the way we view travel and to provide the means to care for our diverse and rich resources. Western society (about l.2 billion people) cannot bring the remaining 5.l billion people in less developed countries up to the Western consumptive "standard of living" without exhausting the earth's resources. Ecotourism creates a situation where both the West and the less developed societies can converge toward the middle. Ecotourism is the "common ground" because it fundamentally changes the economic dynamics of business. Ecotourism recognizes the ecological and cultural costs of doing business as well as champions "local economy", i.e., the community becomes strong and cohesive by what's developed and sustainably managed on a local level.
As a part of the service industry, ecotourism promotes what Alan During, in his important book How Much is Enough? calls the "shift from material to non-material ends". This shift is the only viable way in which human demands made on the environment will not overrun the carrying capacity of the planet. is Ecotourism is in fundamental opposition to consumption as a means to fulfillment; rather, the sense of place, the excitement of experience, and the opportunity of learning become the overriding products " sold" to ecotourists. These ecotourism "products" are based upon preserving and protecting the original cultures and environments, not upon transforming them into some Disneyland-like fantasy-world.
Increasingly, a conservation ethic and a viable process of development have emerged from the ecotourism movement, or perhaps vice versa. The ecotourism ethic has been defined by the Ecotourism Society to mean: "responsible travel that conserves the natural environs and sustains the well-being of local people. Ecotourism offers travelers the means to assist personally and locally in the conservation of threatened environments and to support communities directly that are seeking viable economic alternatives to cycles of poverty and environmental destruction." This non-profit organization is working to raise public support for implementing ecotourism principles and practices around the world.
The concerted effort by policy makers, businesses, recreation managers and organizations such as the World Wildlife Fund and Conservation International to define and make ecotourism a mainstream practice is promising. We in the Western industrialized nations have an incredible opportunity for restorative and regenerative change through ecotourism. There seems to be little doubt that tourism will continue to grow; the most important question remains: Will it be ecologically responsible and sustainable?
The responsibility clearly rests with ourselves to care for an environmental and cultural diversity which historically we have used merely to serve our needs - and our needs only. Ecotourism, as a model, process and ethic, offers an opportunity to put respect for our earth into practice in a way that all people can enjoy its beauty and benefits.
參考譯文
生態(tài)旅游
生態(tài)旅游的理念并不新鮮，它是在梭羅、繆爾的著述、以及之前的佛教等思想體系的啟發(fā)下形成的，并植根于美國150年來的野生動物和環(huán)境保護運動中，是一種對古老的資源管理概念的新的發(fā)揮。它認(rèn)識到了所有生命之間的相互聯(lián)系，以及維護人類需求和現(xiàn)薦生態(tài)系統(tǒng)之間的平衡的重要性。
埃爾多·利奧波德著名的《土地倫理》一書也許最能體現(xiàn)資源管理的哲學(xué)精髓：“凡是有利于維持生物群落的完整性、穩(wěn)定性和美感的，就是正確的……凡是違背了這一點的，就是錯誤的�！痹诙鄻有岳锾N含著穩(wěn)定性。生態(tài)旅游其實也就是將這種哲學(xué)應(yīng)用于能充實自我的探索發(fā)現(xiàn)中，而后者正是通過旅游來實現(xiàn)的。生態(tài)旅游本身并不是一種目的，而是一種過程，一種倫理。
生態(tài)旅游(通常包括鄉(xiāng)村旅游、文化遺產(chǎn)旅游、自然風(fēng)景旅游、冒險體驗旅游)的增長速度遠遠超過了所謂的“大眾旅游”市場，在1995年至2000年間，年增長率達到30%。與之相比，大眾旅游市場的同期增長率為8%。
美國旅游業(yè)協(xié)會稱，在美國的1. 47億成年旅游者中，有50%以上的人曾經(jīng)進行過“冒險”旅游。這種冒險活動包括野營、徒步旅行和騎自行車旅行。生態(tài)旅游雖然只占整個旅游產(chǎn)業(yè)的一小部分，但是它的利潤率卻有超過大眾旅游的趨勢。去年，兩周生態(tài)旅游的一攬子費用平均約為3500美元。
生態(tài)旅游既可能改變我們對旅游本身的看法，也為保護我們豐富多樣的資源提供了手段。西方社會有約12億人口，維持他們的生活標(biāo)準(zhǔn)需要消耗大量的資源。要讓欠發(fā)達國家的51億人口都達到西方的“生活標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”，必然會把地球的資源消耗殆盡。生態(tài)旅游為西方國家和欠發(fā)達國家向中等消耗標(biāo)準(zhǔn)靠攏創(chuàng)造了條件。它是一種“共同基礎(chǔ)”，因為它從根本上改變了商業(yè)的經(jīng)濟動態(tài)棋式。生態(tài)旅游在認(rèn)識到商業(yè)行為的生態(tài)和文化成本的同時，也倡導(dǎo)“局部經(jīng)濟”，通過局部的發(fā)展和可持續(xù)管理，增強局部地區(qū)的社會實力和凝聚力。
作為服務(wù)產(chǎn)業(yè)的一部分，生態(tài)旅游提倡的是艾倫·杜靈在其重要著作《多少才算夠?》一書中所提到的“從物質(zhì)追求向非物質(zhì)追求的轉(zhuǎn)移”。唯有如此，人類對環(huán)境的需求才不會超出地球的承受能力。生態(tài)旅游與那種靠消耗資源來獲得滿足的做法是格格不入的。生態(tài)旅游者所購買的最主要的“產(chǎn)品”實際上是對旅游地的感受、令人興奮的體驗以及學(xué)習(xí)的機會。這些生態(tài)旅游“產(chǎn)品”的宗旨是維護原始的文化和環(huán)境，而不是將它們改造成迪斯尼式的夢幻世界。
生態(tài)旅游正日益促進環(huán)保倫理的興起和可行的發(fā)展方式，或者反過來說，是環(huán)保倫理和可行的發(fā)展方式促進了生態(tài)旅游。根據(jù)生態(tài)旅游協(xié)會的定義，生態(tài)旅游是“一種負(fù)責(zé)任的旅游方式，它把保護當(dāng)?shù)刈匀画h(huán)境與維持當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣竦母＠Y(jié)合起來，使旅游者能夠親自參與保護當(dāng)?shù)厥艿酵{的自然環(huán)境，并直接支持那些正在尋求其他經(jīng)濟發(fā)展方式的地區(qū)，以結(jié)束貧窮和環(huán)境破壞的惡性循環(huán)。”這一非贏利性組織正在努力尋求公眾支持，在世界范圍內(nèi)推廣生態(tài)旅游的原則和實踐。
一些政府決策者、商家、娛樂業(yè)經(jīng)營者以及世界拜生動植物基金會和“保護國際”等組織正攜手合作，努力推廣生態(tài)旅游，使之成為主流行為，他們很有希望獲得成功。我們西方工業(yè)化國家正面臨著一個天賜良機，通過生態(tài)旅游，讓大自然得以休養(yǎng)生息，再現(xiàn)生機。毫無疑問，旅游業(yè)將繼續(xù)發(fā)展。最重要的問題依然是：它是否有利于生態(tài)，能否持續(xù)發(fā)展?
以前，我們只知道利用環(huán)境和文化的多樣性來單方面滿足自己的需要，而現(xiàn)在，保護它們的責(zé)任無疑落在了我們自己身上。生態(tài)旅游，作為一種模式，一個過程，和一種倫理，為我們提供了一種機會，把我們對地球的尊重付諸實施，讓所有人都能領(lǐng)略它的美麗，享受它的恩澤。
第二篇
漢譯英
中國會接受生態(tài)旅游嗎?
玉石村位于中國西南云南省藍坪自治鄉(xiāng)內(nèi)。這里的村民都是普米族，盡管許多當(dāng)?shù)厝撕喎Q自己是“土著人”。
玉石人對自己的文化傳統(tǒng)引以為豪，他們重視對當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)境的保護。這里百分之九十以上的面積為森林覆蓋，當(dāng)?shù)鼐用裆钪绻麄兣c公路網(wǎng)聯(lián)通，他們的森林就可能遭到砍伐，而他們脆弱的文化就可能會在強大的外界影響下受到威脅3。多年來，他們選擇與世隔絕，希望建立起強大、健康的社區(qū)后再對外開放。
政府的支持對于建立強大的社區(qū)是至關(guān)重要的，然而玉石村一直沒有政府工程和扶貧工作。一些村民曾試圖建立一些可持續(xù)發(fā)展項目。，但都失敗了。目前，最大的希望是農(nóng)村信用合作社7的小額貸款項目。然而，農(nóng)民們申請2000元(US $253)人民幣的貸款，得提前扣除400元(US$ 51)的利息，而他們得到的只有1600元(US $202)。為了償還貸款，他們就得每月付180元(US$ 23)，付12個月。村民們認(rèn)為貸款對他們的創(chuàng)業(yè)于事無補。
一些村民認(rèn)為種植收益可觀的藥草和長期小額貸款相結(jié)合是解決經(jīng)濟困難的途徑。他們盤算著籌措40萬元(US $50，602)資金將使村子在五年后在經(jīng)濟方面自給自足。但是或許還有另一條出路，即：生態(tài)旅游。
然而，村子并不具備游客期望的設(shè)施條件，如干凈的盥洗室、洗衣設(shè)備與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。旅游專家曾考察過這里，對當(dāng)?shù)鬲毺氐奈幕铜h(huán)境留下了深刻的印象。但是，如果玉石村想從生態(tài)旅游中獲益，那么村子和村民們必須做出改變，來滿足當(dāng)今游客苛刻的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
旅游是一種可以增加原料附加值的科技，取一只普通的雞，用當(dāng)?shù)氐姆椒ㄅ胫疲瑪[在饑餓的游客面前，就會看到其價值大幅上升。同樣，玉石綿延的山脈，先前曾是運輸和經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的障礙，如果村民們能夠吸引來游客，就會價值連城。
在云南，有許多地方都在增加收入的同時，尋求保護環(huán)境和傳統(tǒng)文化的途徑，而這幾乎總是意味著生態(tài)旅游是唯一的選擇。但如果村子的條件得不到改善，許多游客就不會來，因為多數(shù)中國城市居民對鄉(xiāng)村生活近乎恐懼。骯臟雜亂、蚊子肆虐、簡陋的廁所以及不明的價格意味著許多理想的生態(tài)旅游區(qū)域無法吸引游客。
云南首家官方認(rèn)可的有機農(nóng)場"位于首府昆明遠郊。幾年來，農(nóng)場一直處于虧損狀態(tài)，因為消費者無法把他們的產(chǎn)品和那些使用化肥和栽培轉(zhuǎn)基因作物農(nóng)場的產(chǎn)品區(qū)分開來。同樣，游客很少考慮他們目的地的質(zhì)量，他們只想要交通便利、風(fēng)景美麗的地方。對于許多人來說，旅游不過是觀光而已，它并不能大幅度改善生活質(zhì)量。
絕大多數(shù)中國人對觀賞自然不感興趣，更不要說花錢來觀賞自然。有些人是迫于參加政府資助的研究，但當(dāng)項目經(jīng)費用完，很少人還會繼續(xù)下去。享受未經(jīng)開發(fā)的環(huán)境，對中國人來說并不是天經(jīng)地義的事。我們喜歡看有關(guān)自然的畫，而不是大自然本身，喜歡一尊木雕佛像，而不是走進樹木生長的森林;讓我們的孩子呆在教室里接受有關(guān)荒野的教育，而不是帶他們?nèi)ビH身體驗自然。
游客的這種態(tài)度是中國生態(tài)旅游業(yè)發(fā)展異常緩慢的原因。消費者不愿過于接近自然，所以旅游業(yè)忽視了像玉石村這樣的地區(qū)。由于很少中國人愿意欣賞玉石村的美，人們通常寄希望于出手闊綽的外國游客，但是這一希望也很渺茫。有鑒賞能力的外國游客人數(shù)也在下降，而只想放縱一下自己的游客卻在增加。到國外學(xué)習(xí)、分享經(jīng)歷的游客正在被那些縱情消費、心胸狹窄的游客所取代。
游客青睞輕輕松松的假日，中國的生態(tài)旅游因此遭受重創(chuàng)。四川王朗自然保護區(qū)是大熊貓的庇護所。自1996年以來，北京大學(xué)教授、熊貓專家呂植一直在推動該地區(qū)的生態(tài)旅游。但是由于缺少吸引眼球的景色，要看到大熊貓必須呆在戶外，使得王朗沒能得到應(yīng)有的游客。26云南大概也是同樣的情況。
因此，在抱怨生態(tài)旅游運營者沒能吸引游客的時候，我們也許應(yīng)該花點時間想想游客本身，因為如果游客不愿成為生態(tài)旅游者，那么再多的精心籌劃和良好意愿都是徒勞的。
參考譯文
Can China Embrace Ecotourism?
The village of Yushi is in the autonomous township of Lanping, in the southwestern Chinese province of Yunnan. The villagers all belong to the Pumi ethnic group, although many locals simply refer to them as "natives".
Yushi people are proud of their cultural traditions, and emphasize the protection of the local environment, over 90% of which is covered by forest. The residents know that if they were connected to the road network, their forests could be felled and their fragile culture could be threatened under the strain of powerful external influences. For many years they have chosen to remain isolated, hoping to build a strong and healthy community before opening to the outside world.
Government support is vital in building a strong community, but Yushi has seen no official projects or poverty alleviation work. Some of the villagers tried to set up sustainable development programs, but to no effect. Currently, the best hope is the rural credit cooperative's micro-credit scheme. However, if the villagers apply for a loan of 2000 yuan (US $253), 400 yuan(US $ 51) in interest is deducted in advance and they receive only 1600 yuan ( US $202). To repay the loan they then need to make twelve monthly payments of 180 yuan (US $ 23) . Villagers regard the loans as of little use in starting their own businesses.
Some in the village advocate a combination of planting profitable medicinal crops and long-term micro-credit loans as the solution to the village's financial problems, and calculate that raising funds of 400, 000 yuan ( US $ 50, 602 ) would allow the village to become economically self-sustaining in five years. But there could be an alternative: ecotourism.
However, the village does not yet have the facilities that tourists expect, such as clean toilets, washing facilities or internet access. Tourism experts have visited and were impressed by the unique local culture and environment. But if Yushi wants to benefit from ecotourism, then the village and its households must change to meet the demanding standards of today's tourists.
Tourism is a kind of technology that adds value to raw materials. Take a regular chicken, cook it in the local style and put it in front of a hungry tourist — and watch its value rocket. Similarly, Yushi's mountains, which were previously seen as barriers to transport and thus economic development, would become priceless if the villagers could attract the ecotourists.
Many places in Yunnan are looking for ways to protect the environment and traditional culture while also raising income - and that almost always means eco-tourism is the only option. But if conditions in the villages are not improved, many tourists will simply not come, since most city-dwelling Chinese attitudes to rural living border on outright fear. A lack of cleanliness and orderliness, mosquitoes, dubious toilets and unclear pricing mean that many areas ideal for eco-tourism cannot attract visitors.
Yunnan's first officially-recognized organic farm lies on the outskirts of the provincial capital Kunming. It has been making a loss for years, since consumers fail to differentiate its products from those of farms which use chemicals and genetically-modified plants. Similarly, tourists rarely consider the quality of their destinations; they simply look for ease of access and impressive scenery. For many, tourism is simply sightseeing - it's not about improving your life in any meaningful way.
The vast majority of Chinese people are not interested in watching nature, much less in paying for the privilege of doing so. Some are forced to in the course of government-funded research, but when the funding dries up very few continue. Enjoyment of the untamed environment is not something that comes naturally to Chinese people. We prefer to look at paintings of nature, rather than nature itself; to appreciate a wooden carving of the Buddha rather than the forest the wood grew in; and to let our children be educated about the wild in the classroom, rather than take them to experience it first-hand.
This attitude among tourists is responsible for the unusually slow growth of China's eco-tourism sector. Faced with consumers unwilling to get too close to nature, the tourist industry ignores areas like Yushi. Since only a tiny minority of Chinese people is willing to appreciate the beauty of Yushi, people often turn to high-spending foreign tourists - but this is also a hope too far. Discerning foreign tourists are also on the decline, while the number of tourists who travel simply to indulge themselves is increasing. Travelers who go abroad to learn and share experiences are being replaced by narrow-minded tourists who are only interested in consumption. Tourists are choosing the holiday that involves the least effort, and China's ecotourism sector is suffering as a result. Sichuan's Wanglang Nature Reserve is a haven for giant pandas. Since1996, Peking University professor and panda expert, Lu Zhi, has been promoting ecotourism to the area. But the lack of dramatic scenery and the need to spend time outdoors in order to see the pandas mean that Wanglang still lacks the number of visitors it deserves. The same could be the case in Yunnan. So when we complain about ecotourism operators failing to attract visitors, perhaps we should take some time to consider the visitors themselves - because if a tourist is unwilling to become an ecotourist, then any amount of careful planning and good intentions will be wasted.綜習(xí)
第三篇
英譯漢
Tourism and Environment in the Mediterranean
The Mediterranean Countries as a whole account for one third of the world international tourism. In 1990, 72 million international tourists and 62 million domestic tourists visited the Mediterranean coastal region. Although the highest concentration has traditionally been on the northern shores, the trend is towards a more even distribution around the entire basin.
At the same time, the Mediterranean Region - characterized by its particular climate - is considered as a terrestrial biodiversity "hotspot" , this being defined as an area of exceptional endemism, having more than l,500 vascular plants, and where over 70% of the natural habitat has been lost. In fact, the Mediterranean region largely meets these criteria, since it has about 13,000 endemic plants with only very little habitat left. Favorite tourist areas and biodiversity hotspots largely coincide in the Mediterranean coastal regions. This constitutes both an asset and a liability.
The occupation of coastal areas by tourist infrastructures, including associated urbanization, roads, marinas, golf courses, secondary homes, etc. , leads to destruction of vulnerable terrestrial ecosystems and wetlands. Tourists demand water supply per capita at a higher rate than local inhabitants and at a time of water scarcity, in summer, thus leading to oversized facilities for both supply and treatment. Marine ecosystems suffer from water sports, anchoring, and waste disposal. Forest fires are multiplied by negligence and sometimes by criminal acts.
These liabilities are however compensated by a major consideration, namely that all Mediterranean countries are heavily dependent on tourism to improve their balance of payments. Hence, the continued destruction of their coastal environments and natural amenities would jeopardize this much coveted tourism development. By 2025, in the case of a weak traditional development scenario, the number of domestic tourists in the Mediterranean region would reach 140 million and the number of international tourists 93 million, whereas in the case of a strong and sustainable development scenario, these figures could reach 220 million and 143 million respectively. The challenge is to make such tourism development sustainable.
In this respect, a greater attention to biodiversity can be most significant. More coastal ecosystems - terrestrial and marine - should be protected and existing protected areas should be strengthened. Management of these areas should include unproved facilities for "interpretation" for visitors, including in marine, mountaineering and skiing resorts. More should be made of local biodiversity as a tourist attraction. Combination of cultural and natural elements, for instance in biosphere reserves, should be provided to tourists in the form of properly managed "ecotourism". Traditional agricultural products and crafts of quality should be promoted. If properly established the link between tourism and biodiversity in the Mediterranean constitutes a major asset for the region.
參考譯文
地中海的旅游和環(huán)境問題
地中海各國的旅游業(yè)占據(jù)了全世界國際旅游業(yè)的三分之一份額。1990年，地中海沿海地區(qū)吸引了多達7200萬名國外游客和6200萬名國內(nèi)游客。一直以來，游客大都集中在地中海北部的沿海區(qū)域，但是現(xiàn)在漸漸出現(xiàn)了游人向整個海域均勻分散的趨勢。
地中海地區(qū)以其特殊的氣候著稱，是一個具有陸地生物多樣性特點的“熱區(qū)”。所謂“熱區(qū)”，也就是指具有罕見的地方性特征的地區(qū)，擁有1500種以上導(dǎo)管植物，同時已經(jīng)喪失超過70%的自然生物棲息地。事實上，地中海地區(qū)現(xiàn)有13000種地方性植物，生物棲息地幾乎喪失殆盡，大體上符合生態(tài)熱區(qū)的定義。而且在地中海的沿海地帶，旅游熱點恰巧大多也正是生態(tài)熱區(qū)。這既是筆資產(chǎn)，也是筆負(fù)債。
旅游基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施大量侵占沿海土地，其中包括相關(guān)的城市化建設(shè)、道路、游艇船塢、高爾夫球場和度假屋等，這對脆弱的陸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和濕地造成了嚴(yán)重的破壞。游客的人均水需求量高于當(dāng)?shù)鼐用�，夏季是供水緊張季節(jié)，因此當(dāng)?shù)夭坏媚咎碓O(shè)特大型供水設(shè)備和水處理設(shè)備。水上運動、船只停泊和廢水處理正在危害海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。而由于玩忽職守或犯罪行為所造成的森林大火則成倍增加。
但是地中海各國若要改善收支平衡，都得大大依賴旅游業(yè)，這便抵消了人們對破壞大自然行為的顧慮，于是，破壞沿海自然環(huán)境和天然優(yōu)勢的行為一直得以繼續(xù)，從而勢必危及該地區(qū)令人垂涎的旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展。倘若沿著這種不健康的方向發(fā)展下去，到2025年，到地中海地區(qū)旅游的國內(nèi)游客將只能達到1.4億人次，國外游客9300萬人次;而采用可持續(xù)的健康的發(fā)展方式，兩者分別可望達到2.2億和1. 43億人次。問題的關(guān)鍵在于確保旅游業(yè)發(fā)展的可持續(xù)性。
談到可持續(xù)性，更加關(guān)注生物多樣性或許是非常重要的。我們應(yīng)該為更多的沿海生態(tài)系統(tǒng)——包括陸地和海洋的——提供保護措施，并加強對現(xiàn)有保護區(qū)的保護力度。這些地區(qū)的管理措施應(yīng)該包括：在海濱、登山和滑雪等度假區(qū)配備先進設(shè)備，向游客解釋生態(tài)保護知識;進一步將當(dāng)?shù)厣锒鄻有缘奶攸c發(fā)展成為旅游業(yè)的一大賣點;在生物保護區(qū)等地區(qū)將文化和自然要素相結(jié)合，以妥善經(jīng)營的“生態(tài)旅游”方式向游客推出;積極推廣優(yōu)質(zhì)傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品和手工藝品。如果能把地中海地區(qū)的旅游業(yè)和生物多樣性合理地結(jié)合起來，這將成為該地區(qū)的一筆巨大資產(chǎn)。
第四篇
漢譯英
中國的生態(tài)旅游研討會
旅行給游客帶來了很多樂趣，然而旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展卻給環(huán)境帶來不少問題，嚴(yán)重的甚至擾亂到社會秩序。聯(lián)合國環(huán)境規(guī)劃署委員會針對這些問題，提出了發(fā)展“生態(tài)旅游”的新策略。
國際旅游協(xié)會將生態(tài)旅行定義為具有保護自然環(huán)境和維護當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣窀＠p重責(zé)任的旅游活動。
今年八月，20多位專家學(xué)者，包括生態(tài)旅游專家、來自世界野生動物基金的官員和一些地方相關(guān)團體，舉辦了一次研討會，共同為世界遺產(chǎn)九寨溝的扎如溝草擬發(fā)展生態(tài)旅游的方案。
扎如溝位處我國四川省北部，擁有5290多平方千米的廣闊區(qū)域，是140多種鳥類和大量瀕臨滅絕種的動植物的棲息生長地區(qū)，其中還包括國寶大熊貓和金絲猴。
最近一次世界野生動物基金會的調(diào)查表明，大眾旅游不僅會對扎如溝地區(qū)產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響，而且還會殃及周邊自然保護區(qū)。
游客到處亂棄垃圾，制造廢水，再加上這一地區(qū)大興土木，建造旅游設(shè)施，這一切都嚴(yán)重破壞了當(dāng)?shù)氐纳鷳B(tài)環(huán)境和文化氛圍。
參加研討會的專家一致認(rèn)為，在扎如溝地區(qū)發(fā)展生態(tài)旅游應(yīng)遵循以下幾條原則：限制旅客人數(shù)，減少道路建設(shè);鼓勵當(dāng)?shù)貓F體積極參與管理;對游客進行環(huán)保教育;以及重點保護藏族文化。
一位專家指出：“把保護生物多樣化和旅游管理合理結(jié)合起來，能夠產(chǎn)生更好的效益;而損壞環(huán)境的做法無異于殺雞取卵。”
參考譯文
A Workshop on China Ecotour
While traveling is a lot of fun for the tourists, the development of tourism also brings troubles for the environment, some of which even upset the public order. In view of these problems, the UNEP has put forward a new strategy with ecotourism at its core.
As defined by the International Tourism Society, ecotourism is responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and sustains the well-being of local people.
Last August, over 20 ecotourism experts, including WWF (World Wildlife Fund) officials and some related local organizations, attended a workshop aimed at drafting an ecotourism plan for the Zharugou Valley in the Jiuzhaigou World Heritage Site.
The 5,290-square-kilometre area in northern Sichuan is home to 140 bird species and a great number of endangered plants and animals, including the giant panda and golden monkey.
A recent investigation by WWF found that mass tourism to Zharugou would have negative impact not only on the region, but also on surrounding nature reserves.
Littering and waste water from tourists as well as construction of tourist facilities in the area are polluting the surroundings both environmentally and culturally.
At the workshop, participants reached an agreement on the main principles for developing ecotourism in the Zharugou area: the number of tourists should be limited, as should road construction; the participation of local communities should be encouraged; educational opportunities for visitors to learn about nature should be established; and an emphasis should be put on the Tibetan culture.
"Integrating biodiversity conservation into tourism planning can result in better business for the industry," said an expert, "Destroying the environment would be considered synonymous with killing the goose that lays the golden egg."
熱點關(guān)注：2018年翻譯資格考試初級筆譯模擬題(264篇)
