2018年翻譯資格考試初級(jí)筆譯模擬題：文化與空間

　　英譯漢

　　Space is perceived differently in different cultures. Spatial consciousness in many Western cultures is based on a perception of objects in space, rather than of space itself. Westerners perceive shapes and dimensions, in which space is a realm of light, color, sight, and touch. Benjamin L. Whorf, and his classic work Language, Thought and Reality, offers the following explanation as one reason why Westerners perceive space in this manner. Western thought and language mainly developed from the Roman, Latin-speaking culture, which was a practical, experience-based system. Western culture has generally followed Roman thought patterns in viewing objective “reality” as the foundation for subjective or “inner” experience. It was only when the intellectually crude Roman culture became influenced by the abstract thinking of Greek culture that the Latin language developed a significant vocabulary of abstract, nonspatial terms. But the early Roman-Latin element of spatial consciousness, of concreteness, has been maintained in Western thought and language patterns, even though the Greek capacity for abstract thinking and expression was also inherited.

　　參考譯文

　　不同的文化對(duì)空間有著不同的感覺(jué)。西方許多國(guó)家對(duì)空間的意識(shí)是基于對(duì)物體在空間的感覺(jué)，而不是對(duì)空間本身的感覺(jué)。西方人對(duì)形狀和維度的感覺(jué)，就是空間是一種光線、 顏色、視覺(jué)和觸覺(jué)的領(lǐng)域。本杰明•沃爾夫在他的經(jīng)典著作《語(yǔ)言、思維和現(xiàn)實(shí)》中，就用下面的解釋來(lái)說(shuō)明西方人為什么會(huì)以這種方式來(lái)感覺(jué)空間。西方的思維和語(yǔ)言主要源于以拉 丁語(yǔ)為母語(yǔ)的古羅馬文化，而這是一種基于實(shí)際和經(jīng)驗(yàn)的體系。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，西方文化已經(jīng)采 用古羅馬人的思維模式，把客觀“實(shí)體”視為主觀或者內(nèi)在經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)。一直到這種在知性上

　　不成熟的古羅馬文化受到希臘文化抽象思維的影響的時(shí)候，拉丁語(yǔ)才發(fā)展出一套意義重大的 詞匯—抽象的非空間術(shù)語(yǔ)。但是空間意識(shí)和具體化的古羅馬—拉丁成分已經(jīng)在西方思維和語(yǔ)言模式中保存了下來(lái)，盡管也繼承了希臘人的抽象思維和表達(dá)能力。

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