2018年翻譯資格考試英語筆譯初級模擬題：旅游與環(huán)境

　　英譯漢

　　To attract tourism to one’s country was once thought of as an unqualified success; there seemed to be no negative aspects to it. However, today we are coming to realize that tourism is a mixed blessing: it has advantages and disadvantages. On the one hand, it can bring money to parts of the world that very much need it. People can earn a great deal through tourism. And this income can help to preserve the environment. Anything that helps to protect the ecosystem, the interrelated community of plants and animals that makes up the earth, is, of course, positive.

　　A recent worry, however, is the fact that tourism can cause serious damage to the fragile environments they love to visit. Ecosystems are delicate and easily damaged. Around the world, areas are endangered by the large numbers of tourism who visit them. On every continent, tourism threatens the environment. Even trekkers who take difficult journeys on foot can cause damage.

　　There are, then, serious dangers that come with the promise of tourism. Every advantages bring with it real disadvantages. This dilemma makes planning difficult for nations trying to decide what to do. Countries can make a good deal more money from the tourist industry than they need to put into attracting tourists. This financial profit can help nations protect habitats where endangered animals and plants live. It also may be that tourism can help strengthen local culture by encouraging awareness of traditions and ceremonies. Historic buildings thrive on tourism. These cultural locations enjoy great success with the money and respect brought by tourism.

　　But there is a down side to all this. Because cultural sites are becoming too crowded, Disneyland-like reproductions are being created. These are not authentic cultural sites but copies of something that may or may not have ever really existed. Some people say, “what’s the value of tradition if it’s kept alive for profit, and bears little relation to real life?”

　　Taken together, the negative effects of tourism grow larger over time. The cumulative effects of tourism are great because every time we use cars or planes to travel we contribute to one of the greatest disruptions in the history of the planet: global warming and climate change are interrupting what has been the normal climate pattern for centuries.

　　New approaches to the problem are also being developed. One initiative has been the development of tourist opportunities in which the tourists both give and receive through working vacations. This kind of personal, small-scale tourism is meant to be a positive response with its large-scale organizing. Working tourism may not be for everyone, but the hope is that some kinds of travel can become more planet friendly.

　　參考譯文:

　　吸引游客到某個(gè)國家旅游曾一度被認(rèn)為是絕對成功的，因?yàn)檫@種做法似乎沒有什么負(fù)面效應(yīng)。然而，今天我們開始意識(shí)到旅游業(yè)是福也是禍;它既能給我們帶來有利的一面，也會(huì)給我們帶來不利之處。一方面，它可以為急需資金的國家?guī)�來�?cái)富。人們可以從旅游業(yè)賺到很多錢，這些收入足夠用來保護(hù)環(huán)境。當(dāng)然，任何有助于保護(hù)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)——這個(gè)構(gòu)成我們賴以生存的世界、由動(dòng)物和植物組成的生物群落，都是值得肯定的。

　　然而，最近令人們擔(dān)心的一個(gè)事實(shí)是：游客會(huì)對自己鐘愛的脆弱環(huán)境千萬嚴(yán)重破壞。生態(tài)系統(tǒng)非常脆弱，容易遭到破壞。全世界范圍內(nèi)游客云集的地區(qū)都面臨著危險(xiǎn)。無論在哪個(gè)洲，游客們都危脅著那里的環(huán)境。就連喜歡艱苦跋涉的步行愛好者們也會(huì)對環(huán)境贊成危害。

　　那就是說旅游業(yè)給人們帶來希望的同時(shí)，也給人類帶來了危險(xiǎn)。每個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)都伴隨著缺點(diǎn)。這種兩難境地使得那些國家在做規(guī)劃時(shí)難以抉擇。這些國家從旅游業(yè)掙到的錢遠(yuǎn)比他們?yōu)槲�引游客而投入的�?jiǎng)金多得多。這部分財(cái)政收入可以幫助這些國家保護(hù)瀕危動(dòng)物和植物的棲息地。通過鼓勵(lì)人們保持傳統(tǒng)和風(fēng)俗的意識(shí)，旅游業(yè)還可以起到促進(jìn)當(dāng)?shù)匚幕�的作用。歷史景點(diǎn)需要旅游業(yè)的支持才能得以繁榮。旅游業(yè)帶來的獎(jiǎng)金和人們對歷史的尊重會(huì)使這些文化景點(diǎn)越來越興旺。

　　但是，除此以外，旅游業(yè)也有負(fù)面影響。因?yàn)槲幕�景點(diǎn)變得越來越擁擠，類似迪尼斯樂園的娛樂場所越來越多。而這些并不是真正的文化景點(diǎn)，只是可能存在或是可能不存在的某種東西的翻版而已。有些人會(huì)問：“如果傳統(tǒng)的存在只是為了盈利，而與真實(shí)生活無關(guān)，那么傳統(tǒng)的價(jià)值又何在呢?”

　　歸結(jié)起來，旅游業(yè)帶來的負(fù)面效應(yīng)隨著時(shí)間的推移會(huì)越來越大。旅游業(yè)的累積效應(yīng)是巨大的，因?yàn)槊看挝覀凂{車或乘飛機(jī)出游，都會(huì)對我們所生活的星球造成破壞：全球氣溫升高和氣候變化會(huì)打亂幾世紀(jì)以來一直正常的氣候模式。

　　解決問題的新辦法也正在陸續(xù)出臺(tái)。其中一個(gè)首創(chuàng)就是在旅游者工作休假期間給其提供度假機(jī)會(huì)。這種個(gè)人的、小規(guī)模旅游被認(rèn)為是那種典型的、已經(jīng)產(chǎn)業(yè)化的大規(guī)模旅游業(yè)的積極反應(yīng)。工作旅游并非對所有人適用，但是給人希望的是：有些旅游形式能夠更有益我們生活在這個(gè)星球

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