2018年翻譯資格考試英語筆譯初級模擬題：文化差異
英譯漢
不同的國家擁有不同的文化。同一個手勢可能在不同的國家有著不同的含義。比如，在非洲，人們通過敲打桌子來叫服務(wù)員，然而這在中國卻是不禮貌的。在西方國家，如果你用大拇指和食指環(huán)成一個圈
然后伸出其他三個手指，那就代表著“好的，沒問題”。同樣的手勢在日本是“金錢”的意思，而在巴西則表示對人的侮辱。了解了這些，你最好在到外國旅游之前先了解一下當(dāng)?shù)氐娘L(fēng)俗習(xí)慣。
問候是人際交往中重要的一部分。當(dāng)問候別人的時候，美國人會伸出手，直視對方，并且面帶微笑。然而，有時候這樣的行為會在其他國家造成誤解。那些國家的人們不會用握手來彼此問候，而直視對方的眼睛也有著不同的含義。
亞洲人認(rèn)為身體接觸是一件很尷尬的事情，因此他們并不握手。他們有自己打招呼的方式。對日本人來說，輕輕頷首就足夠了。在韓國，女性并不與人握手或者擁抱，而男性則可能握手并且輕輕點(diǎn)一下頭。在西亞，穆斯林并不與女性發(fā)生身體接觸，但是男性之間通�？梢曰ハ鄵肀�。眼神接觸也是一樣。在許多國家，用避免眼神接觸來表示對對方的尊敬。這也可能造成誤解÷事實(shí)上，一些亞洲學(xué)生因?yàn)椴慌c他們的美國老師進(jìn)行眼神接觸而被認(rèn)為對老師有失尊重。盡管不同的國家有不同的問候方式，微笑被看作是表達(dá)友好的通用方式。微笑暗示心情愉悅或者表達(dá)認(rèn)可，同時也可以用來表達(dá)“打擾了”或者“請”。所以當(dāng)你不確定該怎么做的時候，就微笑吧。
參考譯文
Different countries have different cultures.A same gesture may havedistinct meanings indifferent countries.For instance，in Africa，people knock at the table withtheir fingers to call waiters which is considered as impolite in China.In western countries.if you make a circlewith your thumb and the index finger，and then raise the other three fingers.youare suggesting “OK”.The same gesture，however，means “money” in Japan while makesBrazilian people feel insulted.With that in mind，you’d better learn abouttheir custom before travelling to foreign countries. Greeting is an important part ofcommunication between people.When greeting someone，Americans tend to holdout their hands and look directly into his/her eyes andthen smile.However.sometimessuch behavior might bring nothing but misunderstanding in other countries.A handshake might not be accepted and looking others right in theeye Can have different meanings. Asian people regard physical contact asembarrassin9;therefore，they do not shake hands.They have their ownways of greeting people.For Japanese，a slight bow of the head is enough.In Korea，women do not shake hands or hug with people;whilemen might shake hands accompanied by nodding the head once.In western Asia，Muslims do not make bodycontacts with women yet hug is generally accepted among men.Same thing happens on eye contact.In manycountries，people avoid direct eye contact to showrespect.This can cause misunderstanding，too.In fact. students have been regarded as lacking respectfor their American teachers exactly because they failed to make eye contactswith their teachers. Though different cultures seem to havedifferent ways of greeting.smiling is taken as the universal gesture of friendliness.Smiling indicates happiness or agreement andit can also be used to mean “Excuse me ”or “Please”.Sowhen you are not sure what to do，just smile.
