2018年翻譯資格考試英語(yǔ)筆譯初級(jí)模擬題：走路去學(xué)校

　　英譯漢

　　Harper Lee was an ordinary woman as stunned as anybody by the extraordinary success of "To Kill a Mockingbird.""It was like being hit over the head and knocked cold," Lee ，who died at age 89, said during a 1964 interview."I didn't expect the book to sell in the first place. I was hoping for a quick and merciful death at the hands of reviewers but at the same time I sort of hoped that maybe someone would like it enough to give me encouragement."To Kill a Mockingbird" may not be the Great American Novel. But it's likely the most universally known work of fiction by an American author over the past 70 years. Lee was cited for her subtle, graceful style and gift for explaining the world through a child's eye, but the secret to the novel's ongoing appeal was also in how many books this single book contained. "To Kill a Mockingbird" was a coming of age story; a courtroom thriller; a Southern novel; a period piece; a drama about class; and, of course, a drama of race."All I want to be is the Jane Austen of South Alabama," she once observed.

　　The story of Lee is essentially the story of her book, and how she responded to it. She wasn't a bragger, like Norman Mailer, or a misanthrope like J.D. Salinger or an eccentric or tormented genius. She was a celebrity who didn't live or behave like a celebrity. By the accounts of friends and Monroeville residents, she was a warm, vibrant and witty woman who played golf, fished, ate at McDonald's, fed ducks by tossing seed corn out of a Cool Whip tub, read voraciously and got about to plays and concerts. She just didn't want to talk about it before an audience."To Kill a Mockingbird" was an instant and ongoing hit, published in 1960, as the civil rights movement was accelerating. It's the story of a girl nicknamed Scout growing up in a Depression-era Southern town. A black man has been wrongly accused of raping a white woman, and Scout's father, the resolute lawyer , defends him despite threats and the scorn of many. Praised by The New Yorker as "skilled, unpretentious, and totally ingenious," the book won the Pulitzer Prize and was made into a memorable movie in 1962. "Mockingbird" inspired a generation of young lawyers and social workers, was assigned in high schools all over the country and was a popular choice for citywide, or nationwide, reading programs, although it was also occasionally removed from shelves for its racial content and references to rape. By 2015, sales topped 40 million copies. When the Library of Congress did a survey in 1991 on books that have affected people's lives, "To Kill a Mockingbird" was second only to the Bible.Lee herself became more elusive to the public as her book became more famous. At first, she dutifully promoted her work. She spoke frequently to the press, wrote about herself and gave speeches, once to a class of cadets at West Point. But she began declining interviews in the mid-1960s and, until late in her life, firmly avoided making any public comment about her novel or her career. Her novel, while hugely popular, was not ranked many scholars in the same category as the work of other Southern authors. Decades after its publication, little was written about it in scholarly journals. Some critics has called the book naive and sentimental, whether dismissing the Ku Klux Klan as a minor nuisance or advocating change through personal persuasion rather than collective action.

　　參考譯文

　　意大利，萊科——每天早上，大約有450名學(xué)生沿著17條校車的路線到達(dá)科莫湖最南端湖濱城市的10所中小學(xué)。那里沒有校車。

　　2003年，為了應(yīng)對(duì)兒童肥胖、交通阻塞，以及至關(guān)重要的汽車尾氣排放所導(dǎo)致的全球溫室氣體增長(zhǎng)這三重威脅，當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)保組織提出一項(xiàng)回歸基本的概念：兒童應(yīng)當(dāng)步行去學(xué)校。

　　他們?cè)O(shè)立了步行汽車(在意大利被稱為步行公共汽車)——該公共汽車有駕駛員但是沒有車輛。每天早上各色各樣受雇的員工和父母志愿者穿著黃色的熒光馬甲，帶領(lǐng)著成隊(duì)的步行學(xué)生沿著萊科的蜿蜒街道到達(dá)學(xué)校門口，穿著彩衣的吹笛人會(huì)在隊(duì)伍散開的時(shí)候不時(shí)地停在這里和那里。

　　在卡爾杜齊學(xué)校，目前有100名兒童或一多半的學(xué)生都步行去學(xué)校。他們中有很多人先前都開車去學(xué)校。9歲的朱利奧·格雷皮，金色的頭發(fā)蓬松著，他說(shuō)在開始乘坐步行公共汽車之前，每條路都是坐車行駛大約1/3英里。他說(shuō)：“對(duì)于用步行這樣的方式與朋友會(huì)面，我們都覺得很特別，因?yàn)槲覀冎�道這樣對(duì)環(huán)境非常有益。”

　　根據(jù)聯(lián)邦政府的全國(guó)家庭旅行資料，1969年，美國(guó)40%的學(xué)生步行去學(xué)校;2001年，據(jù)收集的最近幾年的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，13%的學(xué)生步行去學(xué)校。萊科是意大利最先設(shè)立步行公共汽車的城市，但在歐洲的其他地方涌現(xiàn)了上百起，最近在北美也出現(xiàn)了同樣的情況，這都是為了應(yīng)對(duì)步行去學(xué)校的學(xué)生數(shù)量減少這一趨勢(shì)。

　　法國(guó)、英國(guó)和意大利其他地方的城鎮(zhèn)已經(jīng)設(shè)立了這樣的線路，雖然很少能像萊科的那樣廣闊和漫長(zhǎng)。

　　達(dá)里奧·佩森蒂是鎮(zhèn)上的一名環(huán)境稽核員，他估計(jì)，雖然每條線路長(zhǎng)都不超過(guò)一英里，但是到目前為止，城鎮(zhèn)的步行公共汽車已經(jīng)替代了10萬(wàn)多英里的汽車路程，大體上防止了上千噸的溫室氣體進(jìn)入大氣。

　　歐美大陸的專家稱，在美國(guó)和歐洲，開車去學(xué)校的兒童數(shù)量不斷增長(zhǎng)，這在交通量對(duì)溫室氣體排放的影響中占據(jù)了相當(dāng)大的分量。一項(xiàng)全國(guó)性調(diào)查顯示，去年，在英國(guó)城市居民的汽車行程中，學(xué)校行程占18%。

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