2018年翻譯資格考試英語筆譯初級模擬題：貧窮與教育

　　英譯漢

　　As a leader of a least developed country, I speak from experience when I say that poverty is too complex a phenomenon, and the strategies for fighting it too diverse and dependent on local circumstances, for there is no single silver bullet in the war on poverty.

　　We have learned the hard way over the years. We have experimented with all kinds of ideas.

　　Yet a report recently released by the World Economic Forum shows that barely a third of what should have been done by now to ensure the world meets its goals to fight poverty, hunger and disease by 2015 is done. I am now convinced that the Millennium Development Goals set by the United Nations in 2000 can only be attained through a global compact, anchored in national policies that take into account local circumstances.

　　Aid and trade are both necessary, but they are not enough on their own. Neither is good governance enough in itself. Above all, nothing can move without the direct participation of local communities. I fear that we lecture too much. This is not the best way.

　　I will give an example of how such a compact worked in Tanzania to achieve universal basic schooling.

　　In the mid-1990s, almost all indicators for basic education were in free fall. The gross enrollment rate had fallen from 98 percent in the early 1980s to 77.6 percent in 2000. The net enrollment rate had likewise fallen, from over 80 percent to only 58.8 percent.

　　Then several things happened. We decided at the top political level that basic education would be a top priority, and adopted a five-year Primary Education Development Plan to achieve universal basic education by 2006 - nine years ahead of the global target.

　　Good governance produced more government revenues, which quadrupled over the last eight years. In 2001, we received debt relief under the World Bank's enhanced HIPC ( heavily indebted poor countries ) Initiative. Subsequently, more donors put aid money directly into our budget or into a pooled fund for the Primary Education Development Program ( PEDP ) .

　　The government's political will was evidenced by the fact that over the last five years the share of the national budget going to poverty reduction rose by 130 percent. We abolished school fees in primary schools.

　　Then we ensured that all PEDP projects are locally determined, planned, owned, implemented and evaluated. This gave the people pride and dignity in what they were doing. After only two years of implementing PEDP, tremendous successes have been achieved.

　　參考譯文

　　作為一個最不發(fā)達國家的領(lǐng)導人，就切身體驗而言，我認為貧窮是一個非常復雜的現(xiàn)象，戰(zhàn)勝貧窮的方法也是多種多樣的，而且在很大程度上取決于當?shù)氐那闆r，因此也就沒有一件特別有效的法寶。

　　許多年來，我們吃過不少苦頭。我們對各種不同的主張進行了試驗。

　　然而，世界經(jīng)濟論壇不久前發(fā)表的一份報告稱，全世界應在 2015 年完成的戰(zhàn)勝貧窮、饑餓和瘧疾的目標，至今只勉強完成了應完成的三分之一�，F(xiàn)在我確信，要實現(xiàn)聯(lián)合國于 2000 年確定的各項新前年發(fā)展目標，必須要有一項全球協(xié)議。該協(xié)議必須基于符合當?shù)厍闆r的國家政策。

　　援助和貿(mào)易都是必要的，但光靠它們還是不夠的。只靠善治也是不夠的。事實上，沒有地方社會力量的直接參與，任何事情都不可能取得進展。我擔心的是我們說得太多。這可不是上策。

　　我想舉一個例子來說名義向全球協(xié)議是怎么在坦桑尼亞運作，以實現(xiàn)普及基礎教育的。

　　二十世紀九十年代中期，基礎教育幾乎各項指標都大幅下滑。毛入學率從八十年代初的 98% 下降到 2000 年的 77.6% 。凈入學率也從 80% 以上下降到只有 58.8%。

　　隨后發(fā)生了幾件事情。最高政治領(lǐng)導層決定將基礎教育列為最優(yōu)先發(fā)展的項目，并通過了"小學教育五年發(fā)展計劃"，規(guī)定于2006年普及基礎教育，比全球的規(guī)定目標提前九年。

　　善治使國庫日漸充實，政府收入八年來翻了兩番。 2001 年，我們接受了世界銀行為重債窮國進一步免除債務的安排。隨后還有捐助者直接把錢劃入我們的預算，或捐給小學教育發(fā)展計劃設立的合作基金。

　　政府的政治決心從以下情況可以得到驗證：五年來，國家預算中用于消除貧窮的部分增加了 130% 。我們還取消了小學的學費。

　　此外，我們還保證所有涉及小學教育發(fā)展計劃的項目都由地方來確定、規(guī)劃、擁有、執(zhí)行和評估。這就使得人們?yōu)樽约旱乃�作所為感到驕傲，感到光彩。小學教育發(fā)展計劃只實行了兩年，就取得了巨大的成功。