2018年catti三級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)試題：艾滋病

　　漢譯英

　　世界上大多數(shù)艾滋病患者生活在非洲，并以驚人的速度大批死亡。據(jù)估計(jì)， 2003 年底非洲的艾滋病患者達(dá)到 2660 萬人。聯(lián)合國聯(lián)合防治艾滋病計(jì)劃署是聯(lián)合國為對(duì)付艾滋病而設(shè)立的專門機(jī)構(gòu)，該機(jī)構(gòu)將要公布的最新數(shù)字可能證實(shí)艾滋病還在非洲繼續(xù)蔓延，但同時(shí)也可以說明它蔓延的速度是維持不變，或在加快，還是在放慢。

　　艾滋病最猖獗的地區(qū)是非洲的東部和南部，在南非、津巴布韋和肯尼亞患者人數(shù)最多，疫情嚴(yán)重的國家還包括博茨瓦納和贊比亞。 1981 年艾滋病的出現(xiàn)在世界上得到確認(rèn)，沒過幾年，這種病就在非洲東部流行起來--當(dāng)?shù)厝斯芩��?瘦病"，因?yàn)榛颊叩娜菝彩侨諠u消瘦。關(guān)于這種病毒的發(fā)源地，一種說法是發(fā)源于東剛果盆地;然而關(guān)于艾滋病來源的說法不一，很有爭議，且?guī)в袧夂竦恼�治色�?這場(chǎng)爭論至今還遠(yuǎn)未結(jié)束。

　　整個(gè)非洲都在采取措施，最主要的是提高公眾意識(shí)和防范手段，包括建議忠實(shí)于一個(gè)性伴侶和使用避孕套。人們一般不愿使用避孕套，因?yàn)椴涣?xí)慣，還有文化方面的原因，同時(shí)它也不符合基督教和伊斯蘭教的教義，它們更強(qiáng)調(diào)自我約束。

　　在防治艾滋病的活動(dòng)中，重要的一項(xiàng)就是提倡"自愿就醫(yī)檢查"，這項(xiàng)活動(dòng)，有的市政府組織的，有的是民間組織的，也有的是政府和民間共同組織的。此外，醫(yī)學(xué)研究也找到了一種辦法，雖然不能治愈，也可對(duì)患者有所幫助。

　　"全球預(yù)防艾滋病、肺結(jié)核、瘧疾基金會(huì)"是世界各國政府部門、市民社會(huì)、私人企業(yè)和患者群體的一個(gè)協(xié)作機(jī)構(gòu)，是應(yīng)聯(lián)合國秘書長的號(hào)召，于 2001 年發(fā)起成立的。這一機(jī)構(gòu)為防治艾滋病的各項(xiàng)活動(dòng)提供資金。然而，即便只是為了制止艾滋病的蔓延，這也是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠的。

　　參考譯文

　　Most of the world's victims of AIDS live - and, at an alarming rate, die - in Africa. The number of people living with AIDS in Africa was estimated at 26.6 million in late 2003. New figures to be published by the United Nations Joint Program on AIDS ( UNAIDS )， the special UN agency set up to deal with the pandemic, will probably confirm its continued spread in Africa, but they will also show whether the rate of spread is constant, increasing or falling.

　　AIDS is most prevalent in Eastern and Southern Africa, with South Africa, Zimbabwe and Kenya having the greatest numbers of sufferers; other countries severely affected include Botswana and Zambia. AIDS was raging in Eastern Africa - where it was called "slim", after the appearance of victims wasting away - within a few years after its emergence was established in the eastern Congo basin; however, the conflicting theories about the origin of AIDS are highly controversial and politicized, and the controversy is far from being settled.

　　Measures being taken all over Africa include, first of all, campaigns of public awareness and device, including advice to remain faithful to one sexual partner and to use condoms. The latter advice is widely ignored or resisted owing to natural and cultural aversion to condoms and to Christian and Muslim teaching, which places emphasis instead on self-restraint.

　　An important part of anti- AIDS campaigns, whether organized by governments, nongovernmental organizations or both, is the extension of voluntary counseling and testing ( VCT ) .In addition, medical research has found a way to help sufferers, though not to cure them.

　　Funds for anti- AIDS efforts are provided by the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, a partnership between governments, civil society, the private sector and affected communities around the world; the fund was launched following a call by the UN Secretary-General in 2001. However, much more is needed if the spread of the pandemic is to be at least halted.