2018年5月翻譯資格考試三級(jí)筆譯模擬題：全球水危機(jī)

　　英譯漢

　　This week and next, governments, international agencies and nongovernmental organizations are gathering in Mexico City at the World Water Forum to discuss the legacy of global Mulhollandism in water - and to chart a new course.

　　They could hardly have chosen a better location. Water is being pumped out of the aquifer on which Mexico City stands at twice the rate of replenishment. The result: the city is subsiding at the rate of about half a meter every decade. You can see the consequences in the cracked cathedrals, the tilting Palace of Arts and the broken water and sewerage pipes.

　　Every region of the world has its own variant of the water crisis story. The mining of groundwaters for irrigation has lowered the water table in parts of India and Pakistan by 30 meters in the past three decades. As water goes down, the cost of pumping goes up, undermining the livelihoods of poor farmers.

　　What is driving the global water crisis? Physical availability is part of the problem. Unlike oil or coal, water is an infinitely renewable resource, but it is available in a finite quantity. With water use increasing at twice the rate of population growth, the amount available per person is shrinking - especially in some of the poorest countries. Challenging as physical scarcity may be in some countries, the real problems in water go deeper. The 20th-century model for water management was based on a simple idea: that water is an infinitely available free resource to be exploited, dammed or diverted without reference to scarcity or sustainability.

　　Across the world, water-based ecological systems - rivers, lakes and watersheds - have been taken beyond the frontiers of ecological sustainability by policy makers who have turned a blind eye to the consequences of over- exploitation.

　　We need a new model of water management for the 21st century. What does that mean?For starters, we have to stop using water like there"s no tomorrow - and that means using it more efficiently at levels that do not destroy our environment. The buzz- phrase at the Mexico Water forum is "integrated water resource management." What it means is that governments need to manage the private demand of different users and manage this precious resource in the public interest.

　　參考譯文：

　　本周，世界水論壇在墨西哥城開幕，論壇將一直持續(xù)到下周。來(lái)自政府、國(guó)際機(jī)構(gòu)和非政府組織的代表們齊聚一堂，探討全球用水遺留問(wèn)題，共商未來(lái)用水大計(jì)。會(huì)議選址墨西哥城再合適不過(guò)。墨西哥城地下蓄水層的開采速度是地下水補(bǔ)給速度的兩倍，由此造成墨西哥城以 10 年 50 厘米的速度不斷下沉，現(xiàn)在，這里的許多教堂出現(xiàn)裂隙，藝術(shù)宮日益傾斜，水管和排污管道開裂。

　　世界上每個(gè)地區(qū)都面臨水危機(jī)，只不過(guò)表現(xiàn)形式不同而已。在過(guò)去 30 年間，印度和巴基斯坦的部分地區(qū)大肆開采地下水用于農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉，致使水位下降了 30 米，開采成本隨之升高，給當(dāng)?shù)刎毧噢r(nóng)民的生計(jì)帶來(lái)嚴(yán)重影響。

　　全球水危機(jī)的成因是什么?部分原因是實(shí)際可用水資源短缺。水不同于石油或煤炭，是一種無(wú)限可再生資源，但是可用水資源卻十分有限。目前，用水增加速度是人口增速的兩倍，人均可用水資源在不斷減少，一些最不發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家尤其如此。

　　一些國(guó)家的實(shí)際可用水資源確實(shí)存在嚴(yán)重短缺的問(wèn)題，不過(guò)水危機(jī)的發(fā)生還有其深層次的原因。20 世紀(jì)的水資源管理模式存在問(wèn)題：人們想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為，水資源取之不竭，用之不盡，是一種免費(fèi)資源，人們用水毫無(wú)節(jié)制，隨意修建水壩或開展調(diào)水工程，根本意識(shí)不到水資源短缺的問(wèn)題，也不考慮這種用水模式是否具有可持續(xù)性。

　　世界各地的決策者對(duì)過(guò)度開采水資源可能產(chǎn)生的后果視而不見(jiàn)、不管不問(wèn)，現(xiàn)在江河湖泊等水生態(tài)系統(tǒng)都遭到嚴(yán)重破壞，可持續(xù)性開始受到威脅。

　　在 21 世紀(jì)，我們必須改變這種水資源管理模式。如何加以改變呢?首先，我們必須摒棄這種“有今沒(méi)明”、短視自利的用水模式，提高用水效率，避免對(duì)環(huán)境造成破壞。本次墨西哥水論壇的主要議題是“水資源綜合管理”，旨在敦促各國(guó)政府綜合管理不同用水需求，從公共利益出發(fā)合理利用寶貴的水資源。

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