2018年翻譯資格考試初級(jí)筆譯試題：清潔能源

　　英譯漢

　　If a heavy reliance on fossil fuels makes a country a climate ogre, then Denmark — with its thousands of wind turbines sprinkled on the coastlines and at sea — is living a happy fairy tale. Viewed from the United States or Asia, Denmark is an environmental role model. The country is "what a global warming solution looks like," wrote Frances Beinecke, the president of the Natural Resources Defense Council, in a letter to the group last autumn. About one-fifth of the country's electricity comes from wind, which wind experts say is the highest proportion of any country.

　　But a closer look shows that Denmark is a far cry from a clean-energy paradise.The building of wind turbines has virtually ground to a halt since subsidies were cut back. Meanwhile, compared with others in the European Union, Danes remain above-average emitters of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. For all its wind turbines, a large proportion of the rest of Denmark's power is generated by plants that burn imported coal.

　　The Danish experience shows how difficult it can be for countries grown rich on fossil fuels to switch to renewable energy sources like wind power. Among the hurdles are fluctuating political priorities, the high cost of putting new turbines offshore, concern about public acceptance of large wind turbines and the volatility of the wind itself.

　　"Europe has really led the way," said Alex Klein, a senior analyst with Emerging Energy Research, a consulting firm with offices in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Some parts of western Denmark derive 100 percent of their peak needs from wind if the breeze is up. Germany and Spain generate more power in absolute terms, but in those countries wind still accounts for a far smaller proportion of the electricity generated. The average for all 27 European Union countries is 3 percent. But the Germans and the Spanish are catching up thousands of megawatts of wind power added last year around the world, only 8 megawatts were installed in Denmark. If higher subsidies had been maintained, he said, Denmark could now be generating close to one-third — rather than one-fifth — of its electricity from windmills.

　　參考譯文

　　如果一個(gè)國(guó)家因嚴(yán)重依賴化石燃料而成為導(dǎo)致氣候變化的惡魔的話，那么丹麥這個(gè)擁有數(shù)千個(gè)沿海和海上風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組的國(guó)家算得上是生活在童話里的幸福國(guó)度了。在美國(guó)和亞洲各國(guó)看來(lái)，丹麥?zhǔn)黔h(huán)保領(lǐng)域的典范。自然資源保護(hù)委員會(huì)主席弗朗西斯·貝尼克去年秋天致該委員會(huì)的信中說(shuō)，丹麥“是應(yīng)對(duì)全球變暖的樣板”。丹麥風(fēng)力發(fā)電量占全國(guó)發(fā)電總量的五分之一左右，風(fēng)能專家稱這一比例列世界之首。

　　不過(guò)，如果再仔細(xì)分析一下就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，丹麥也遠(yuǎn)非利用清潔能源的“天堂”。自丹麥削減風(fēng)力發(fā)電補(bǔ)貼以來(lái)，風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組建設(shè)實(shí)際上已經(jīng)陷入停滯狀態(tài)。同時(shí)，與歐盟其他成員國(guó)相比，丹麥的二氧化碳排放量要高于歐盟平均水平。盡管丹麥安裝了眾多風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組，但是丹麥很大程度上仍然依靠火電站發(fā)電，而且電煤也需要進(jìn)口。一個(gè)國(guó)家依靠化石燃料發(fā)展起來(lái)后，再想轉(zhuǎn)型依靠風(fēng)能等可再生能源絕非易事，丹麥即是一例。風(fēng)力發(fā)電遇到諸多阻礙，包括政府的政策重點(diǎn)不斷調(diào)整，海上修建新風(fēng)力發(fā)電廠成本較高，公眾能否接受大型風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組建設(shè)存疑，風(fēng)力自身也具有不穩(wěn)定性。咨詢公司美國(guó)新能源研究中心在馬薩諸塞州劍橋設(shè)有多個(gè)辦事處，該公司的高級(jí)分析師阿歷克斯·克萊恩說(shuō)，“(在清潔能源發(fā)展方面)歐洲確實(shí)引領(lǐng)世界”。

　　如果風(fēng)力理想的話，丹麥西部一些地區(qū)用電高峰期的所有電力供應(yīng)都來(lái)自風(fēng)力發(fā)電。就風(fēng)力絕對(duì)發(fā)電量而言，德國(guó)和西班牙都超過(guò)了丹麥，但是風(fēng)力發(fā)電在這兩國(guó)發(fā)電總量中所占的比重要比丹麥小得多。歐盟 27 國(guó)中風(fēng)力發(fā)電所占比重平均為 3%。不過(guò)，由于丹麥現(xiàn)在放慢了風(fēng)力發(fā)電的發(fā)展步伐，德、西兩國(guó)現(xiàn)正迎頭趕上。去年全球共新增風(fēng)力發(fā)電裝機(jī)容量數(shù)千兆瓦，丹麥僅為 8 兆瓦。克萊恩說(shuō)，如果丹麥當(dāng)初沒(méi)有削減補(bǔ)貼的話，風(fēng)力發(fā)電所占比重應(yīng)該早就從現(xiàn)在的 五分之一上升到近三分之一了。