2018年翻譯資格考試初級筆譯試題：米爾頓·弗里德曼
英譯漢
Milton Friedman, Free Markets Theorist, Dies at 94. Milton Friedman, the grandmaster of free-market economic theory in the postwar era and a prime force in the movement of nations toward less government and greater reliance on individual responsibility, died today in San Francisco, where he lived. He was 94. Conservative and liberal colleagues alike viewed Mr. Friedman, a Nobel prize laureate, as one of the 20th century‟s leading economic scholars, on a par with giants like John Maynard Keynes and Paul Samuelson.
Flying the flag of economic conservatism, Mr. Friedman led the postwar challenge to the hallowed theories of Lord Keynes, the British economist who maintained that governments had a duty to help capitalistic economies through periods of recession and to prevent boom times from exploding into high inflation.In Professor Friedman‟s view, government had the opposite obligation: to keep its hands off the economy, to let the free market do its work. The only economic lever that Mr. Friedman would allow government to use was the one that controlled the supply of money — a monetarist view that had gone out of favor when he embraced it in the 1950s. He went on to record a signal achievement, predicting the unprecedented combination of rising unemployment and rising inflation that came to be called stagflation. His work earned him the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Science in 1976. Rarely, his colleagues said, did anyone have such impact on both his own profession and on government. Though he never served officially in the halls of power, he was always around them, as an adviser and theorist.
“Among economic scholars, Milton Friedman had no peer,” Ben S. Bernanke, the Federal Reserve chairman, said today. “The direct and indirect influences of his thinking on contemporary monetary economics would be difficult to overstate.” Alan Greenspan, the former Federal Reserve chairman, said of Mr. Friedman in an interview on Tuesday. “From a longer-term point of view, it‟s his academic achievements which will have lasting import. But I would not dismiss the profound impact he has already had on the American public‟s view.”
Mr. Friedman had a gift for communicating complicated ideas in simple and lucid ways,and it served him well as the author or co-author of more than a dozen books, as a columnist for Newsweek from 1966 to 1983 and even as the star of a public television series.
參考譯文：
著名經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家米爾頓·弗里德曼今天在舊金山去世，享年 94 歲。米爾頓·弗里德曼生前住在舊金山，是二戰(zhàn)后“自由市場經(jīng)濟(jì)”教父，曾大力倡導(dǎo)各國減少政府干預(yù)，強(qiáng)調(diào)市場個體責(zé)任。保守派和自由派經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家都一致認(rèn)為曾獲諾貝爾獎的弗里德曼是二十世紀(jì)最具影響力的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家之一，與約翰·梅納德·凱恩斯和保羅·薩繆爾森比肩齊名。
二戰(zhàn)后，弗里德曼高舉經(jīng)濟(jì)保守主義的大旗，向凱恩斯理論發(fā)起挑戰(zhàn)。凱恩斯勛爵是英國經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家，主張在資本主義國家中政府有責(zé)任幫助擺脫經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退，防止經(jīng)濟(jì)過熱引發(fā)高通脹。當(dāng)時，凱恩斯的理論被奉若神明。
弗里德曼教授認(rèn)為，政府的職責(zé)與凱恩斯理論恰恰相反，即，政府不應(yīng)干預(yù)經(jīng)濟(jì)，而應(yīng)讓自由市場自行運轉(zhuǎn)，無為而治。在弗里德曼看來，政府唯一可用的干預(yù)杠桿就是控制貨幣供應(yīng)。在二十世紀(jì)五十年代他認(rèn)同這一貨幣學(xué)派觀點時，這一觀點早已不受推崇。之后，弗里德曼取得了一項重大成就，準(zhǔn)確預(yù)測出了所謂滯漲的出現(xiàn)，即，失業(yè)率不斷攀升與通貨膨脹不斷加劇兩種現(xiàn)象同時發(fā)生，這在當(dāng)時是一種前所未有的現(xiàn)象。他因此獲得了1976 年的諾貝爾經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)獎。
弗里德曼的同事們稱，像弗里德曼這樣對經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)界和政府都能產(chǎn)生重大影響的人可謂鳳毛麟角。弗里德曼從未在政府部門任職，但是他卻常常作為顧問和專家成為政府的座上賓。美聯(lián)儲主席本·伯南克今天在悼詞中稱，“米爾頓 ·弗里德曼在經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)界無出其右，堪稱翹楚，他對當(dāng)代貨幣經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的直接和間接影響之大，難以言表�！鼻懊缆�(lián)儲主席艾倫·格林斯潘周二接受采訪時談到了弗里德曼，他說，“從更長遠(yuǎn)的角度來看，能夠真正產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)影響的是他的學(xué)術(shù)成就，不過必須指出，他對美國大眾輿論已經(jīng)產(chǎn)生了深刻影響�！备ダ锏侣U釋觀點時能做到深入淺出、淺顯易懂，也正因如此，他編著或合著了十幾本書，在 1966 年至 1983 年期間擔(dān)任《新聞周刊》的專欄作家，甚至成為公共電視系列節(jié)目的明星嘉賓。
