2017翻譯考試英語(yǔ)筆譯初級(jí)模擬題：百日維新

　　【漢譯英】

　　1895午，中國(guó)在中日甲午戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中戰(zhàn)敗，陷入了深刻的國(guó)家危機(jī)，世界列強(qiáng)威脅要瓜分中國(guó)。那些憂(yōu)患國(guó)家命運(yùn)的知識(shí)分子要求改革，不僅工業(yè)和軍事方面要改，政治體制也得改。康有為、梁?jiǎn)⒊�和譚嗣同便是維新派的代表人物。

　　康有為會(huì)同一千三百多名舉人聯(lián)名上書(shū)光緒皇帝，要求維新變法�？涤袨橹鲝堃跃�主立憲制代替封建專(zhuān)制�？涤袨榈膶W(xué)生梁?jiǎn)⒊瑓f(xié)助撰寫(xiě)文章，宣傳變法思想。相比之下，譚嗣同更為激進(jìn)，撰寫(xiě)了《仁學(xué)》一書(shū)批駁傳統(tǒng)思想。

　　維新派不斷發(fā)表演說(shuō)，出版論著，在報(bào)上撰文，闡明變法的必要性。中國(guó)的危急形勢(shì)在一定程度上幫助了他們，當(dāng)時(shí)的形勢(shì)表明中國(guó)除了變法之外別無(wú)出路。但是，頑固派，在國(guó)內(nèi)，尤其是在統(tǒng)治階級(jí)中的勢(shì)力仍然十分強(qiáng)大。他們極力反對(duì)變法，認(rèn)為要變的是人，不是法，因?yàn)樗�有的錯(cuò)誤都來(lái)自于人們的錯(cuò)誤想法。

　　1898年，康有為再次上書(shū)光緒皇帝。他諫言只有維新變法才能救國(guó)，不變法國(guó)家就要滅亡。這一次，光緒皇帝被說(shuō)動(dòng)了，贊同了康有為的觀(guān)點(diǎn)和建議。1898年6月，他讓康有為和其他一些變法派在政府中擔(dān)任要職，并授權(quán)他們進(jìn)行改革。

　　他們采取的主要是一些經(jīng)濟(jì)和教育改良措施，諸如鼓勵(lì)工商業(yè)，設(shè)立學(xué)校，改革科舉制度，裁撤一些不必要的政府機(jī)構(gòu)。但是真正執(zhí)掌大權(quán)的是以慈禧太后為首的頑固派，他們非常憎恨這些舉措，強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)。在軍隊(duì)的協(xié)助下，慈禧于9月發(fā)動(dòng)政變。將光緒皇帝軟禁，并且殺害了譚嗣同等六位維新志士�？涤袨楹土�?jiǎn)⒊瑑e幸逃脫。百日維新就這樣宣告結(jié)束。

　　變法的失敗給進(jìn)步人士這樣一個(gè)教訓(xùn)：要在清廷的統(tǒng)治下改革政治體制是不可能的。不久以后，以孫中山為首的具有更為激進(jìn)思想的人們開(kāi)始策劃武裝起義推翻清王朝。歷經(jīng)失敗之后，終于在1911年取得了勝利。

　　【參考譯文】

　　In 1895, after defeated in the war of 1894, China was in a deep national crisis, for the big powers threatened to partition China. Scholars who were worried about the fate of the country called for reform, not only in industry and military affairs, but also in the political system.

　　Outstanding among these people were Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao and Tan Sitong.

　　Kang and over l,300 0ther scholars submitted a memorial to Emperor Guangxu, suggesting political reform. Kang was for the substitution of constitutional monarchy for feudal autocracy.

　　Liang, once a student of Kang, helped Kang by writing articles propagating reformist ideas. Tan was more radical than the others. He wrote On Benevolence criticizing traditional ideas.

　　The reformists frequently made speeches, published books and wrote articles in newspapers to explain the necessity of reform. They were in a way helped by the critical situation of the country, which showed that China had no way out except reform. But conservatives, or diehards, were still a strong force, especially in the ruling class. They were against all changes and contended what was necessary was to change men, not law, for all faults came from men's wrong thinking.

　　In 1898 Kang Youwei submitted to the emperor another memorial, in which he warned that only political changes could save the country, and that the country would perish without major, changes. This time Emperor Guangxu was persuaded and agreed to Kang's views and suggestions.

　　In June 1898 he gave Kang and a few other reformists important positions in the government and empowered them to carry out reform.

　　They took mainly economic and educational measures, such as the encouragement of industry and commerce, the establishment of schools, the reform of the civil service examination system, ancl the abolition of some unnecessary government organs. But the conservative force led by Empress Dowager Cixi, who had real power, bitterly hated and strongly opposed these measures.

　　With the help of some military men, Cixi counter-attacked in September. She put Emperor Guangxu under house arrest, and killed Tan Sitong and five other reformists. Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao narrowly escaped. The hundred-day reform was thus brought to an end.

　　The failure of the reformists taught the progressive people a lesson: it would be impossible to change the political system under Qing rule. Shortly afterwards, people with more radical ideas led by Dr. Sun Yat-sen began preparing for armed uprisings to ovefthrow the Qing Dynasty. After a series of failures, they finally succeeded in 1911.