例句選自Economist、The New York Times等主流外刊，詞匯解釋及例句源于牛津詞典和柯林斯詞典。

　　例：The larger fine levied against Johnson & Johnson was justified on the grounds that the company not only oversold the pills itself but supplied the chemicals from which oxycontin is made.

　　語法剖析：

　　The larger fine //levied against Johnson & Johnson(levied過去分詞作定語，修飾 fine) //was justified on the grounds that//(that引導(dǎo)同位語從句) the company not only oversold the pills itself but(not only...but (also)用法) supplied the chemicals from which(介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句，其中from是和made搭配) oxycontin is made.

　　主干：The larger fine was justified...

　　詞匯詳解：

　　1. fine[faɪn]

　　V.[常用被動(dòng)態(tài)] ~ sb (sth) (for sth/for doing sth) to make sb pay money as an official punishment 處…以罰金

　　例：She was fined for speeding.

　　她因超速而被罰款。

　　N.a sum of money that must be paid as punishment for breaking a law or rule 罰金;罰款

　　例：a parking fine

　　違規(guī)停車罰款

　　Adj.①[常用于名詞前] of high quality; good 高質(zhì)量的;美好的

　　例：a very fine performance

　　十分精彩的演出

　　②(of a person 人) in good health 健康的;身體很好的

　　例：I was feeling fine when I got up this morning.

　　今天早上我起床時(shí)感覺很舒服。

　�、踇常用于名詞前] difficult to see or describe 難以看出的;很難描述的

　　例：You really need a magnifying glass to appreciate all the fine detail.

　　確實(shí)需要放大鏡才能欣賞到一切細(xì)微之處。

　　2. levy[ˈlevi]

　　V.[動(dòng)詞 + 名詞短語] ~ sth (on sb/sth) to use official authority to demand and collect a payment, tax, etc. 征收;征(稅)

　　例：a tax levied by the government on excess company profits

　　政府對公司超額利潤征收的稅

　　N.~ (on sth) an extra amount of money that has to be paid, especially as a tax to the government 征收額;(尤指)稅款

　　例：to put/impose a levy on oil imports

　　對進(jìn)口石油征稅

　　3. justify[ˈdʒʌstɪfaɪ]

　�、賢o show that sb/sth is right or reasonable 證明…正確(或正當(dāng)、有理)

　　例：How can they justify paying such huge salaries?

　　他們怎能證明付這么大筆薪金是正當(dāng)?shù)哪?

　�、趡 sth/yourself (to sb) to give an explanation or excuse for sth or for doing sth 對…作出解釋;為…辯解(或辯護(hù))

　　例：The Prime Minister has been asked to justify the decision to Parliament.

　　要求首相就這一決定向議會(huì)作出解釋。

　�、踇動(dòng)詞 + 名詞短語](technical 術(shù)語) to arrange lines of printed text so that one or both edges are straight 調(diào)整使全行排滿;使每行排齊;使齊行

　　詞匯拓展：

　　(1) justifiable[ˈdʒʌstɪfaɪəbl]

　　existing or done for a good reason, and therefore acceptable 有理由的;可證明是正當(dāng)?shù)?情有可原的

　　例：justifiable pride

　　無可非議的自豪感

　　(2) justified [ˈdʒʌstəˌfaɪd]

　�、賬 (in doing sth) having a good reason for doing sth (做某事)有正當(dāng)理由的

　　例：She felt fully justified in asking for her money back.

　　她認(rèn)為有充分的理由要求退款。

　�、趀xisting or done for a good reason 事出有因;合乎情理

　　例：His fears proved justified.

　　他之所以害怕，證明是有原因的。

　　4. liable [ˈlaɪəbl]

　�、賬 (for sth) legally responsible for paying the cost of sth (法律上)負(fù)有償付責(zé)任

　　例：You will be liable for any damage caused.

　　你必須對造成的任何損失負(fù)賠償責(zé)任。

　�、趡 to do sth likely to do sth 可能(做某事)

　　例：We're all liable to make mistakes when we're tired.

　　人在疲勞時(shí)都可能出差錯(cuò)。

　�、踾 to sth likely to be punished by law for sth 可能受法律懲處

　　例：Offenders are liable to fines of up to $500.

　　違者可能被處以最多500元的罰款。

　　同義辨析：

　　justify, warrant 這兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞均含"為……提供理由或根據(jù)"之意。

　　justify 強(qiáng)調(diào)所提供的根據(jù)或理由不僅會(huì)迎合理性還滿足了良心，并且含"如果不提供理由辨護(hù)就會(huì)受到非難"的意味。

　　warrant 指有充分的理由或有必要做某事。

　　短語積累：

　　1. get sth down to a fine art

　　(informal) to learn to do sth well and efficiently 把…學(xué)到家;學(xué)得非常在行

　　例：I spend so much time travelling that I've got packing down to a fine art.

　　我常常旅行，這就把打點(diǎn)行李學(xué)到家了。

　　2. cut it/things fine

　　(informal) to leave yourself just enough time to do sth 把時(shí)間扣得很緊;時(shí)間上不留余地

　　例：If we don't leave till after lunch we'll be cutting it very fine.

　　我們要是午飯以后才走，時(shí)間就緊得很了。

　　3. hold/stand your ground

　　to continue with your opinions or intentions when sb is opposing you and wants you to change 堅(jiān)持主張;堅(jiān)持意圖;堅(jiān)持立場;不讓步

　　例：Don't let him persuade you─stand your ground.

　　別聽他的——堅(jiān)持自己的主張吧。