非謂語動詞長難句分析及翻譯

　　1.Studies by Hargrave and Geen estimated natural community grazing rates by measuring feeding rates of individual zooplankton species in the laboratory and then computing community grazing rates for field conditions using the known population density of grazers.

　　譯文:由哈格雷夫(Hargrave)和吉恩(Geen)所進行的研究,對自然條件下的群落捕食速率進行了估計,其手段是通過測量出實驗室內單獨的浮游動物種類的捕食速率,然后利用已知的食草動物種群密度,計算出實地狀況下的群落捕食速率.

　　2.But achieving necessary matches in physical properties across interfaces between living and nonliving matter requires knowledge of which molecules control the bonding of cells to each other-an area that we have not yet explored thoroughly.

　　譯文:但是,要想沿著原生和非原生物質之間的界面獲取生理特性的必要匹配,需要某種知識,即什么樣的分子控制著細胞彼此間的結合--而對這一領域,我們尚未進行充分的探索.

　　3.More probable is bird transport,either externally,by accidental attachment of the seeds to feathers,or internally,by the swallowing of fruit and subsequent excretion of the seeds.

　　譯文:更有可能的是鳥類運輸:或者是通過外部途徑,即由于種籽偶然粘附在羽毛上;或者是通過內部方式,即由于鳥類吞食果子并隨后將種籽排泄出來.