2016年商務英語考試中級翻譯習題及答案(二)

　　International Trade and New Theories of Endogenous Growth國際貿(mào)易新理論的內(nèi)生增長

　　Recent developments in the theory of endogenous growth ,starting with Romer (1986) and Lucas (1989),provide a more convincing and rigorous theoretical basis for the relationship between international trade and long-run economic growth and development . Specifically ,the new theory of endogenous economic growth postulates that lowering trade barriers will speed up the rate economic growth and development in the long run by (1) allowing developing nations to absorb the technology developed in advanced nations at a faster rate than with a lower degree of openness ,(2) increasing the benefits that flow from research and development (RD)，(3)leading to larger economies of scale in production,(4)reducing price ,distortions and leading to a more efficient use of domestic resources across sectors ,and (5) encouraging greater specialization and more efficiency in the production of intermediate inputs. To be sure , many of these ways by which freer trade can stimulate growth and development had been recognized earlier . The new theory of endogenous growth, however , probes deeper and seeks to spell out more rigorously and in greater detail the actual channels or the ways by which lower trade barriers can stimulate growth in the long run . Previous theorizing was much more casual and less rigorous.

　　最近的事態(tài)發(fā)展的內(nèi)生經(jīng)濟增長理論，羅默(1986)和Lucas(1989)開始，提供一個更有說服力和嚴謹?shù)睦碚摶�礎，為國際貿(mào)易和長期的經(jīng)濟增長和發(fā)展之間的關系。具體來說，新的內(nèi)生經(jīng)濟增長理論假設，降低貿(mào)易壁壘將加快率的經(jīng)濟增長和發(fā)展，從長遠來看，(1)使發(fā)展中國家吸收先進國家的技術開發(fā)，以更快的速度，以較低的開放的程度，(2)增加，流量研究和開發(fā)(RD)，(3)導致較大的經(jīng)濟規(guī)模生產(chǎn)，降低價格，扭曲(4)更有效地利用國內(nèi)資源和領導跨部門，(5)鼓勵更大程度的專業(yè)化和更有效率的生產(chǎn)中間投入�？梢钥隙ǖ氖�，這些更自由的貿(mào)易可以刺激經(jīng)濟增長和發(fā)展的方法，使許 多已被確認。新的內(nèi)生增長理論，但是，更深入，試圖勾勒出更嚴格和更詳細的實際渠道或方式降低貿(mào)易壁壘可以刺激經(jīng)濟增長，從長遠來看。前的理論變得更加隨意和不那么嚴格。