商務(wù)英語(yǔ)閱讀習(xí)題(二)

　　Ⅰ) Comprehension

　　1. What is international trade?

　　2. What are the major motivations for private firm to operate international business?

　　3. What measures do most companies usually adopt to avoid wild swings in the sales and profits?

　　4. Pleas give the four major modes chosen by most companies when entering into international trade.

　　5. Could you find any difference between Direct Investment and Portfolio Investment? If you can, please tell the main reasons.

　　6. What is MNE? What are its synonyms?

　　7. What limits a firm’s sales?

　　Ⅱ) Match each one on the left with its correct meaning on the right

　　1. motivation A. to make continual efforts to gain sth.

　　2. pursue B. the action of obtaining, esp. by efforts of careful attention. “采購(gòu)，獲得”

　　3. mark up C. which by is its nature can not be known by senses, not clear and certain, not real.

　　4. procurement D. the goods (freight) carried by a ship, plane or vehicle.

　　5. intangible E. the amount by which a price is raised.

　　6. cargo F. profit, interest.

　　7. royalty G. the net value of assets or interest, invest.

　　8. equity股本，資產(chǎn)凈值 H. not needing other things or people, taking decisions alone.

　　9. yield 投資收益，回報(bào) I. a share of the profits.

　　10. independent J. need or purpose.

　　1. J 2.A 3.E 4.B 5. C 6.D 7.I 8.G 9.F 10.H

　�、�) Fill in the blanks with the words or expressions given below and if necessary, put the word in the right form.

　　A. orientation B. diversify C. seek out D. differentiate…from E. take advantage of F. undergo G. bring about H. correspond I. abandon J. amount to K. Come after L. approach

　　1. That factory is trying to B its products to sell in different markets.

　　2. A successful businessman is always skilled in E every possible opportunity.

　　3. Reforming and opening to the world has G great changes in our lives.

　　4. Can you D this kind of operating the others?

　　5. Private firm going in for international business have a profit A

　　6. He I his company and family and went away with all the money.

　　7. The L of winter brings cold weather.

　　8. The manager’s words J a refusal to the proposal.

　　9. Company is always C the best way to gain more while cost less.

　　10. The city has F many changes during the last ten years.

　　11. Direct investment usually K a firm has experience in exporting or importing.

　　12. The goods don’t H to the list of these I ordered.

　　IV) Translate the following terms and phrases into Chinese;

　　1. purchasing power 10.recovery

　　2. sales potentials 11. recession

　　3. mark-up 13. portfolio investment

　　4. domestic markets 12. tangible goods

　　5. finished goods 13. visible exports and imports

　　6. profit margin 14. revenue and expenditure

　　7. market share 15. excess capacity

　　8. trade discrimination

　　9. business cycles 16. licencing agreements

　�、�) Translate the following sentences into Chinese;

　　If the exporting market price exceeds the one at the importing country, a dumping margin exists on that particular sale. Then Under Article VI of GATT( General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) 1994, and the Anti-Dumping Agreement, WTO Members can impose anti-dumping measures, if, after investigation in accordance with the Agreement, a determination is made (a) that dumping is occurring, (b) that the domestic industry producing the like product in the importing country is suffering material injury, and (c) that there is a causal link between the two. Typically anti-dumping action means charging extra import duty on the particular product from the particular exporting country in order to bring its price closer to the “normal value” or to remove the injury to domestic industry in the importing country.

　�、�) Translate the following sentences into English;

　　1.國(guó)際貿(mào)易有助于所有的國(guó)家促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。

　　International trade helps all nations to boost the economic growth.

　　2.對(duì)大多數(shù)國(guó)家來(lái)說(shuō)，國(guó)際貿(mào)易或?qū)ν赓Q(mào)易是它們國(guó)際活動(dòng)中最重要的部分。

　　For most countries, international trade or foreign trade is the most important part of their international activities.

　　3.在復(fù)雜的經(jīng)濟(jì)世界中，沒(méi)有一個(gè)國(guó)家可以完全自給自足

　　In the complex economic world, no country can be completely self-sufficient.

　　4. 國(guó)際貿(mào)易是一個(gè)國(guó)家生產(chǎn)的商品和勞務(wù)與另一個(gè)國(guó)家生產(chǎn)的商品和勞務(wù)的交換。除了有形貿(mào)易，即商品和貨物的進(jìn)出口以外，還有無(wú)形貿(mào)易，這是指國(guó)家之間勞務(wù)的交換。希臘和挪威等國(guó)擁有龐大的海運(yùn)船隊(duì)，提供運(yùn)輸服務(wù)，這是無(wú)形貿(mào)易的一種。無(wú)形貿(mào)易對(duì)一些國(guó)家來(lái)說(shuō)，就像原材料和商品出口對(duì)其它一些國(guó)家那樣重要。在這兩種情況下，這些國(guó)家都能賺到錢去購(gòu)買其所需要的商品。

　　International trade is the exchange of goods and services produced in one country for goods and services produced in another country. In addition to visible trade, which involves the import and export merchandise and the goods, there is also invisible trade, which involves the exchange of services between nations. Nations such as Greece and Norway have large maritime/navigation fleets and provide transportation service. This is a kind of invisible trade. Invisible trade can be as important to some nations as the export of raw materials or commodities is to others. In both cases, the nations earn the money to buy necessities.

　　5. 世界上沒(méi)有任何一個(gè)國(guó)家能生產(chǎn)它所需的所有產(chǎn)品，所以各國(guó)參與國(guó)際分工，進(jìn)行有效的生產(chǎn)和再生產(chǎn)。有時(shí)一個(gè)國(guó)家能夠以易貨方式從國(guó)外購(gòu)買產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)，易貨是指以一種貨物交換另一種貨物，而不是用錢交易。易貨貿(mào)易本身并不足以滿足一個(gè)國(guó)家的進(jìn)口需要。但作為一種貿(mào)易方式，它對(duì)于外匯短缺、外資流入遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)無(wú)法滿足外貿(mào)需求的發(fā)展中國(guó)家來(lái)說(shuō)具有一定的吸引力

　　There is no country in the world that can produce all the products it needs. Thus countries join in international division of labor for effective production and reproduction. Sometimes a country can buy goods and services from abroad on a barter basis. Barter means doing business by exchanging goods of one sort for goods of another sort without using money. Barter trade itself is not enough to meat a country’s import needs. But as a form of international trade, it is still attractive in developing countries where foreign exchange is in short supply and inflow of foreign funds is far from sufficient to meet their obligations in external trade.

　　Exercise Key

　　I) Comprehension

　　1.International trade is business whose activities involve the crossing of national borders. It includes not only international trade and foreign manufacturing but also encompasses the growing services industry in areas such as transportation, tourism, banking, advertising, construction, retailing, wholesaling, and mass communications. It includes all business transactions that involve two or more countries. Such business relationship may be private or governmental.

　　2. Sales expansion, resource acquisition and diversification，sales and supplies，minimum of the competitive risk.

　　3. To seek out foreign markets and procurement.

　　4. There are four major forms which are the following:

　　Merchandise exports and Imports, Service Exports and Imports, Investment and Multinational Enterprise.

　　5. Yes, There are great differences between them.

　　1) Direct investment takes place when control follows the investment. It usually means high commitment of capital, personnel, and technology abroad. It aims at gaining of foreign resources and foreign markets. Direct investment may often get higher foreign sales than exporting. And sometimes it involves two or more parties.

　　2) While portfolio investments are not under control. And they are used primarily for financial purposes. Treasures of companies, for example, usually more funds from one country to another to get a higher yield on short term investments.

　　6. MNE is the abbreviation of the multinational enterprise. Its synonyms are NNC (the multinational corporation) and TNC (transnational corporation).

　　7. It is limited by the number of people interested in a firm’s products and services and by customers’ capacity to make purchase.