1.3 Reducing Production Cost 降低生產(chǎn)成本

　　Result in 導(dǎo)致，造成

　　Cut corners 抄近路，走捷徑，偷工減料

　　Greener pastures 更綠的牧場(chǎng)(比喻更好的謀生去處，更好的工作、職位)

　　Deadwood 枯枝，朽木;無(wú)用的人

　　Nuisance 討厭的人或事，麻煩事

　　Ex-customer 過(guò)去的顧客，以前的顧客

　　In the short run 在短期內(nèi)

　　Go through the roof 大大增加，上漲到處乎意料的程度

　　TQM (total quality management) 全面質(zhì)量管理

　　Under the umbrella of 在…的保護(hù)下

　　Cost accountant 成本會(huì)計(jì)師

　　Cost control 成本控制

　　Prognosis 預(yù)告 預(yù)言

　　Customer service 客戶服務(wù)中心，客戶服務(wù)

　　Customer satisfaction 客戶滿意度

　　Cost effective (有)成本效益的

　　Competitive edge 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力

　　Cost-efficient 成本效益高的

　　Cost management 成本管理

　　Cut down 削減，減少

　　Raw material 原料

　　To a large extent 在很大程度上

　　Cost-conscious 注重節(jié)約成本的

　　Production line 生產(chǎn)線，流水線

　　Ergonomics 功效學(xué)

　　Specialist 專家

　　User-friendly 方便用戶的

　　Shift work 倒班制，輪班工作(一半指三班倒，即day shift, evening shift,以及night shift)

　　Permanent schedule 固定班(亦稱 fixed schedule)

　　Rotating schedule 輪班制

　　Out of step with 與…步調(diào)不一致

　　Adjust to 對(duì)…適應(yīng)

　　Fight off 竭力避免

　　Body rhythm 生理節(jié)奏

　　Stressful (心理、生理或情緒上的)緊張、壓力

　　Out of step with 與…不協(xié)調(diào)，失調(diào)

　　Consultancy service 咨詢服務(wù)

　　Night shift blues 夜班憂郁癥

　　All this 所有這一切

　　Health counseling facilities 健康咨詢?cè)O(shè)施

　　Health facilities 健身設(shè)備

　　Round the clock 24小時(shí)

　　Translate to 轉(zhuǎn)化為

　　Hazard　危害，公害

　　Adequate lighting 充分的照明，足夠的照明

　　Proper heat 適當(dāng)?shù)氖覝?/P>

　　Reducing Business Costs

　　降低經(jīng)營(yíng)成本

　　Cost reduction is an important factor in improving the state of a business.

　　降低成本是改進(jìn)企業(yè)狀況的一個(gè)重要因素。

　　It can obviously result in higher profits and a stronger enterprise.

　　它可以明顯地提高利潤(rùn)，壯大企業(yè)。

　　Most business leaders and managers would like to reduce costs, but many find it difficult to do the right things.

　　大多數(shù)企業(yè)主管和經(jīng)理都想降低成本，但大多感到難以找到正確的途徑。

　　There are several methods business leaders or managers use to reduce costs that can be damaging to the health of the organization.

　　企業(yè)主管和經(jīng)理采用的削減成本的有些方法對(duì)企業(yè)健康發(fā)展是有害的。

　　These include downsizing, reducing customer service, and cutting corners in production methods.

　　這些方法包括縮小企業(yè)規(guī)模、減少客戶服務(wù)，以及在生產(chǎn)中偷工減料。

　　Downsizing

　　縮小企業(yè)規(guī)模

　　Some company leaders feel they can reduce costs by simply downsizing or reducing the number of workers or middle managers.

　　有些公司領(lǐng)導(dǎo)認(rèn)為，可以通過(guò)縮小企業(yè)規(guī)�；蛘呔�簡(jiǎn)員工或中層管理人員來(lái)減少成本。

　　If this is done after applying ISO 9000. and defining the exact role of everyone, it may be a necessary and effective method.

　　如果是在實(shí)施ISO9000質(zhì)量體系之后，并已對(duì)每個(gè)成員的角色做出了細(xì)致的規(guī)定之后，這有可能不失為必要并且有效的一種方法。

　　Unfortunately, most companies that downsize do so without really knowing the impact on the company’s operations.

　　但遺憾的是大多數(shù)削減規(guī)模的公司采用了裁員這種方法，但并不真正知道這種方法對(duì)公司運(yùn)作所產(chǎn)生的影響。

　　One of the biggest effects of downsizing to reduce costs is that the good employees quickly leave the company for greener pastures.

　　以裁員的方法來(lái)削減成本，一個(gè)最大的副作用就是不少好的員工很快就會(huì)離開公司另謀高就。

　　Thus the company is left with the deadwood employees, who are supposed to do twice the work as before.

　　公司就只剩下一些庸員，而這些人要承擔(dān)兩倍于以前的工作量。

　　Reducing Customer Service

　　減少客戶服務(wù)

　　Customer service can be a nuisance and is often expensive.

　　客戶服務(wù)可能是件麻煩事并且耗資巨大。

　　Sometimes companies will reduce or eliminate the service they give to the customers. Unfortunately,

　　有時(shí)公司會(huì)減少甚至取消為客戶們提供的服務(wù)。

　　a neglected customer is an ex-customer.

　　但遺憾的是，一個(gè)被冷落的客戶就不在是你的客戶了。

　　Cutting Corners

　　偷工減料

　　A quick way to cut costs is by cutting corners in production or service methods.

　　削減成本的一個(gè)捷徑是在生產(chǎn)或服務(wù)過(guò)程中偷工減料。

　　Some company leaders feel that by using cheaper materials and labor, and by eliminating part and steps, they can cut costs and save money.

　　有些領(lǐng)導(dǎo)認(rèn)為，他們可以利用更為廉價(jià)的原材料和勞動(dòng)力，減去一些步驟，以此減少成本，節(jié)省費(fèi)用。

　　It is true that costs may be cut in the short run, but often the product or service is of such a low quality that repair and rework costs go through the roof.

　　誠(chéng)然，這樣做在短期內(nèi)可以削減成本，但是往往會(huì)使產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)的質(zhì)量低下，結(jié)果是補(bǔ)救、返工的成本奇高無(wú)比。

　　Also customers may be come unhappy with the low quality and move on to another supplier.

　　而且造成客戶對(duì)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量不滿并另找供應(yīng)商。

　　Effective way to reduce costs include training your workers, getting quality goods from suppliers, and using Total Quality Management(TQM)tools.

　　降低成本的有效方法包括對(duì)員工進(jìn)行培訓(xùn)、從供應(yīng)商處購(gòu)買優(yōu)質(zhì)的產(chǎn)品，以及啟用全面質(zhì)量管理(TQM)工具。

　　Because to reduce costs means to reduce waste. That is wasted materials, wasted effort, and wasted time.

　　因?yàn)榻档统杀疽馕吨鴾p少浪費(fèi)，即對(duì)原材料、人工和時(shí)間的浪費(fèi)。

　　Train Workers

　　培訓(xùn)員工

　　In these days of changing technologies and methods, it is necessary to train your workers to keep them up to date.

　　在技術(shù)和生產(chǎn)手段日新月異的今天，有必要對(duì)員工進(jìn)行培訓(xùn)，使他們趕上新的發(fā)展。

　　Get Quality from Suppliers

　　從供應(yīng)商處購(gòu)買優(yōu)質(zhì)的產(chǎn)品

　　Low quality goods from suppliers is a major source of waste.

　　購(gòu)買低質(zhì)量的產(chǎn)品是最大的浪費(fèi)源。

　　You should not only try to get quality suppliers but also work with your suppliers to help them improve their operations and quality of output.

　　你不僅需要尋找能提供高質(zhì)量產(chǎn)品的供應(yīng)商，而且還要幫助他們改進(jìn)經(jīng)營(yíng)和產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量。

　　TQM Tools

　　全面質(zhì)量管理工具

　　There are a number of improvement methods that can be placed under the umbrella of Total Quality Management(TQM).

　　在全面質(zhì)量管理工具體系內(nèi)有許多改善經(jīng)營(yíng)的方法。

　　In conclusion, crude methods to reduce costs—such as downsizing—are not effective and can actually harm a business.

　　總之，粗劣的降低成本的方法，例如縮小企業(yè)的規(guī)模，不僅無(wú)效，而且還會(huì)對(duì)企業(yè)造成損耗。

　　Helping your suppliers, training your workers, and using TQM-type improvement tools can help to eliminate waste and improve the profits of your business.

　　為你的供應(yīng)商提供幫助，對(duì)員工進(jìn)行培訓(xùn)，并啟用全面質(zhì)量管理型改進(jìn)工具，這些將有助于減少浪費(fèi)，提高企業(yè)的盈利能力。

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